The prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for hypertension and diabetes in a country undergoing nutrition transition: the case of Botswana

The main objective of this paper is to establish the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for non-communicable disease in Botswana.

Data used in this study was obtained from the Botswana STEPS survey which was a population-based survey of adults aged 25-64. Using a multistage cluster design, a total of 4,003 respondents participated in the survey. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics as well as logistic regression analysis.

The study results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 16% for both sexes, but more prevalent among women than men (20% and 11%, respectively). The prevalence of diabetes was 1.7% for both sexes, but more prevalent among women than men (2.4% and 1.0%, respectively). Both hypertension and diabetes increased with age of the respondent. The major risk factor associated with hypertension and diabetes was high body mass index, which is itself resulting from high consumption of tobacco and alcohol, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and high levels of physical inactivity.

The Government of Botswana should put in place effective intervention strategies to combat the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases in the country. Failure to act now may result in serious socio-economic losses.