The changing contours of fertility in India

India provides a terrain ground for investigating the long-term dynamics of fertility change for several reasons. First, it has a unique history of early family planning activities that emerged during the 10960s. Second, it has recently witnessed a rapid economic expansion likely to accelerate the pace of demographic transformations and to reshape its geography. Finally, it is a highly heterogeneous country characterized by a complex sociocultural and religious geography compared to other large countries like China, Brazil or Russia. Using original subregional fertility levels, we will reconstruct fertility change over the last five decades in the country and examine their changing spatial and demographic patterns. In addition, we will also compare India’s pace of fertility decline with trends observed elsewhere in Asia.
This paper aims at probing India’s fertility trends from both internal and external perspectives in order to answer two main sets of questions: Is India’s fertility transition typical of Asia or has it proceeded at a slower pace than elsewhere? Have fertility trends been parallel within India over the last decades? Can we identify distinct regional trajectories? How far have the conditions of the onset of fertility decline in each region determined its course during the following decades?