Gender differences in naturalization among Congolese migrants in Belgium

n this paper, we explore gender differences in naturalization among migrants from DR Congo in Belgium. First, we measure gender differences in probabilities of acquiring Belgian citizenship using two data sources (population register and the MAFE survey on Congolese migrants in Belgium). Using the MAFE survey, we next look at the determinants of naturalization using event history data and test several hypotheses on the determinants of naturalization. Finally, we look at the differential effects of naturalization among males and females, and argue that this allow understanding gender differences in the propensities of changing citizenship.