Migration and health

The study endeviours to analyze the health condition of children in the context of rapid urbanization and migration in India. The study also examines the basic amenities available to the migrants in the different class cities. This paper uses all three rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, which was conducted in the years 1992-93, 1997-98 and 2005-06 respectively. For the analysis we have categorized cities into three classes on the basis of population namely, large city (more than 1 million population), small city (100,000 to 1 million population) and town (less than 100,000 population). The prevalence of diarrhea and ARI is highest in large cities. Urban to urban migration in the large cities have increased from NFHS II to NFHS III. The children in the recent migrant households (1 to 5 years) are more affected by both diarrhea and ARI followed by 6 to 10 years and 11 to 20 years old migrant households. Children from migrant households of rural are more affected by both diarrhea and ARI than otherwise. The multivariate results reconfirm the bivariate findings in most of the cases.

This study examines the prevalence rates and social determinants of two mental impairment outcomes, self-reported depressive symptoms and perceived stress, among rural-to-urban migrants in Shenzhen and Shanghai, two popular destinations of rural-to-urban migration in China. Two cross-sectional surveys were separately conducted, one in Shanghai in 2008, the other in Shenzhen in 2010. The two questionnaires were designed similarly with the purpose of making meaningful comparisons between the two samples of rural-to-urban migrants located in the two cities. The rationale of this comparison was based on the distinct socioeconomic and cultural features of the two cities with Shenzhen arguably a culturally more welcoming receiving community for migrants. Social factors examined in this study as covariates of mental health were selected based on theories of mental health of migrants including perspectives on migrants’ socioeconomic achievements, social resources, and goal-striving stress. Preliminary results show that rural-to-urban migrants in Shenzhen compared to those in Shanghai on average report higher numbers of depressive symptoms but are less stressed. Many social factors hypothesized and examined as covariates of mental health and explainers of the location differences turned out to be significant in expected directions.

Male out-migration leads to modification in the structure of family life and also transforms women’s social and economic position. A significant effect of migration on the family is the conjugal separation. The need for assistance with child care also may motivate a restructuring of household composition. Data Source: National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 (2005-2006). Objective: The broad objective of the study is to understand the household structure of left behind women and use of maternal health services in the place of origin due to male out-migration. Findings: male out-migration in non-nuclear households has better in use of maternal health services compared to those in nuclear households. This may be explained on the basis of the fact that the economic status of women in non-nuclear households is better than their counterparts. May be due to low standard of living, the affordability for health care among women in nuclear households is overshadowed.

In 2011, construction of the Interoceanic Highway to connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans was completed. The highway pierces Peru and Brazil’s Amazon regions, and specifically, Peru’s Amazonian province of Madre de Dios (MDD), an emerging economic region undergoing dramatic population growth and environmental change, fueled by urbanization, gold mining, logging, castaña extraction, and ecotourism. Highway construction has increased connectivity and mobility among residents, but two highly vulnerable populations are emerging: one characterized as long-term residents mired in moderate-to-low poverty; and one characterized as newly established migrants who are naïve to potential local threats. High risk/high reward labor opportunities that are spatially diverse, combined with complex family structure make both populations highly mobile and at risk to both chronic and infectious disease. Here, we report results from a population-based study in 2011-12 of residents in MDD, to compare health outcomes (hypertension, overweight/obese, anemia, malnutrition, malaria and dengue) as a function of household vulnerability, resilience, and migration. Data are the most comprehensive ever collected in MDD and results are expected to identify strategies toward sustainable development in countries undergoing rapid transitions.

Dengue fever is a global public health problem and requires efforts to be understood and controlled. It is estimated that fifty million dengue cases occur every year in more than 100 countries. Approximately two and a half billion people live in areas where dengue is endemic, which happens mainly in Asia, Africa and South America. We aim to understand in this paper: 1) What are the main socio-demographic and environmental determinants of morbidity and mortality due to dengue in Singapore?; 2) In a comparative analysis, what are the differences between the causal factors of dengue in Singapore in relation to those found in Brazil?; 3 ) Why is this an issue so difficult to equate to theses two countries public health authorities?; and 4) What are the feasible and effective policies that can be implemented in these distinct contexts? These issues will guide the present study, in which we will highlight the role of demographic dynamics (mainly morbidity, mortality and migration), besides the urban environmental sanitation conditions, to find explanations for this difficult problem to solve according to what global experience showed so far.

Despite their relative socioeconomic disadvantage, infants born to Mexican immigrant mothers in the United States have health outcomes that are similar to non-Hispanic whites and better than blacks. This pattern has been termed the epidemiologic paradox because it challenges prevailing understandings of racial/ethnic disparities in health. Although the epidemiologic paradox is well-documented, the mechanisms underlying the paradox remains poorly understood. We pool vital statistics data from Mexico and the U.S. to disentangle to what extent variations in birth outcomes between Mexican immigrants and non-migrants in Mexico are attributable to (1) migrant health selectivity and (2) other forms of migrant selectivity, namely age and region of origin. To do so, we will first determine whether infants born to Mexican immigrants in the US have lower rates of birth weight and pre-term births than the entire population in Mexico. Next, we will determine whether the health advantage of Mexican immigrants (over the Mexican population) persists once we age standardize the rates of low birth weight and pre-term births. Third, we will limit our sample of non-migrants in Mexico to those living in communities with high levels of migration and compare their birth outcomes with those of Mexican immigrants in the United States.

"International migration training." Is a demographic phenomenon that has attracted the attention of policy makers in education and migration. It is already known that geopolitical conditions, cultural and linguistic influence on migratory movements, but others like the equivalence of the course, the level, the cost and access to training conditions are also factors in the decision of a migratory movement training. The analysis of this phenomenon allows reviewing regulatory policies and provide training diploma recognition and legalization of professional practice in Brazil. To analyze and raise a profile of international migration of those who emigrated to Brazil to study in countries of South America. This was a descriptive study that used data from Censo 2010. Physicians were identified in the Censo 2010 and analyzed the migratory path, using the information and last date fixed residence. The age of the professional was crucial for the establishment of a Proxy approach for training medical professionals in South America.

This paper identifies the spatial and temporal determinants of prostate cancer, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, three prevalent forms of cancer in Canada. Specifically, we highlight the importance of age at residence in a cancer 'hotspot', arguing that an individual's migratory history and past places of residence are in certain circumstances better predictors of cancer in the present than current location. GIven that roughly a third of all Canadians move every five years, the ability to identify residential pathways has particular relevance. These data are the first in Canada to be able to measure the connection between current and previous places of residence and risk of contracting the three cancers mentioned above.

This paper assessed whether a north-south gradient in the health of the Albania population remained following the transition to a market economy in the 1990s. Data from the 2002 Albanian Living Standards Measurement Survey was analysed for two dependent variables - chronic illness and acute illness. Multilevel logistic variance components models were fitted by stepwise model selection. The results showed that regional disparities exist for both chronic and acute illness. The traditional pattern of regional disparities in health remains for acute illness. The coastal region, however, appears to have the highest levels of self-reported chronic illness. It is argued that the higher levels in the coastal region are not likely to be due to a fundamental change in the regional patterns of health status in Albania at present but due to the huge north-south internal migration that occurred during the 1990s.

Using data from “Youth in India Situation and Needs 2006-07” this paper examines the how women agency differs among married and unmarried women. Agency is measured in the domain of freedom of movement, decision making and self efficacy. Marriage process analysis examines the mean age when do you want marry, preference of marriage opinion about marriage, and approval of spouse selection. Bi-variate analysis, Principal Component Analysis and multinomial logistic regression are used to understand the differential in women agency and marriage process young involvement in India. Findings indicate that women’s agency varies largely by socio-economic attributes irrespective of marital status. Agency is high those who are in the better position regarding educational attainment, economic status and exposure to mass media. Women who are belonging in rural areas they have less women’s agency compared to urban areas. Preference of mean age at marriage in urban areas is 22 years among unmarried women where as 20 years among in the areas. 13% women wish to preference for love marriage in urban areas where as one tenth of rural areas.