Poster session on Education and labour force (1)

This paper presents estimates of educational inequality for the major states of India. We compute the education Gini index and examine trends in inequality, separately for the rural and urban sectors. The paper uses unit level data from four rounds of employment and unemployment survey of National Sample Survey Organization, Government of India. The estimates show the high extent of educational inequality. Though the inequality has declined during 1993 to 2009, the Gini index is well above 50% in 2009. There is a clear regional contrast; the index in the rural sector is higher by 18 percentage points than in the urban sector in 2009. Using the analysis of Gini, we show a large part of educational inequality is due to intra-sector inequality. We find that intra-sector inequality has widened, and inter-sector inequality has narrowed over the period. Although progress has been made, a lot more remains to be done. There is still need to give more attention on education in rural areas.

The promotion of education later in life has become a key issue in policy discourses, both with regard to strengthening economic competitiveness and to reducing social inequalities in a context of aging societies. However, country differences in participation patterns are less understood yet. The majority of available analysis are single country studies and focus only on individual factors influencing enrolment, while country-specific factors are barely taken into account. We contribute to this research area by offering a more comprehensive overview about different determinants of education later in life. Firstly, we distinguish between four different adult education activities and can therefore offer a more detailed distinction of education later in life. Secondly, we examine up to 26 European countries, and thus include more cases than most papers have done before, with the most recent data available on this topic, the European Adult Education Survey from 2007. Thirdly, we apply multilevel analysis to test for each of the four adult education activities separately theoretically important country-specific determinants that are welfare, labour market and educational characteristics as well as economic indicators.

As our society has some irrational romantic myths about marriage, family, and child-rearing, there are many people who are suffering from adapting after marrying and child birth. Especially, a group of the university students has the ages that will make the decision in foreseeable future about marriage and delivery. Therefore, it is critical to do some researches about these topics that are targeted to the university students. For this study, firstly, we developed some lectures that are 15 weeks long about population education that are targeted to the 400 university students from Seoul and 5 Provinces. We modified them after we got validity from experts of population education, and determined it. Secondly, we tried to carry out the lectures about population education and investigated if the university students could form the sensible attitude toward marriage, family, delivery, and child-rearing between the pre and post treatment. This research will provide theoretical preliminary data for increasing population education in Korean society. Also, we expect to have quantitative data that education can change the values of adults who have relatively stable values. This will provide another preliminary data for lectures of population education and development of class that reflect characteristics of subjects

Higher education in China has experienced an unprecedented expansion since 1998. Despite the heated public debate on equity in access to higher education, particularly related to the province-based quota system, only anecdotal evidence has been presented to show the decline of students from disadvantaged backgrounds in enrollment in several elite universities. The examination of the role of expansion and differentiation in higher education and its implications for stratification remain to be seen, mainly due to the unavailability of appropriate data. In 2009, we launched the first wave of the “Longitudinal Survey of College Students,” aiming to collect the panel data on 5000 students from 15 universities in Beijing, tracking their differential experience in career choices, adaptation strategies and subsequent labor market outcomes. This paper analyzes students’ retrospective information on high school experience and admission processes, analyzes show how family background, high school, and preferential policies have channeled students into different types of tertiary institutions. As found elsewhere, the transition from elite to mass high education has also been accompanied by differentiation between elite research universities and less selective colleges of second tiers, with latter increasingly occupied by children of working