Profile of Poverty among Egyptian population 1980-2010

The present paper is a trial to assess the magnitude of poverty and its variations among regions and socioeconomic sectors of Egypt. Causes of poverty and characteristics of the poor are discussed aiming to identify empirical policies to reduce poverty. Poverty profile analyzed using data from the Egypt Integrated Household Survey (EIHS). Our results indicate that poverty rate in Egypt increased from 16.7% of the population in 2000 to 25.2% in 2010. High illiteracy rate, high population growth, low employment opportunities, and Ineffective policies are the main causes of poverty in Egypt. Poverty is highly concentrated in Upper Egypt governorates. Poverty is over-represented in agricultural activities. Egyptians spend half of their income on food and drink, followed by housing (18%). Share of health services not exceeds 8% of their income while entertainment and culture takes up to 2.2% of family expenditures. Illiteracy, child labor, large household size, high fertility rate, and families headed by female are the main socioeconomic characteristics associated with poverty in Egypt. Income generating activities and good distribution policies are important policies instruments to reduce poverty and achieving social equality.