The commercialization of international migration

International migration has become commercialized in both control and facilitation functions. This significantly shapes current migration flows and should prompt governments to reassess migration policies. From the rapid growth of specialized transportation and labour migration companies, to multinational companies managing detention centres or establishing border security, to the organized criminal networks profiting from human smuggling and trafficking, we are currently witnessing a growing commercialization of international migration. The paper addresses the questions prompted by these developments and offers new concepts and theory for their further study.