Poster session on Sexuality and reproductive health (1)

The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions towards fist pregnancy and contraceptive use among married couples. Information was collected in 2011 from currently married women aged 15-34 years and their husbands. A total of 964 women and 497 men were interviewed. Mean age of women was 25 years and 39% had started cohabitating before their 15th birthday. 73% were non-literate, 38% were exposed to any mass media and mean number of children ever born was 3.3. About four-year difference in education was found between men and women, with men having completed an average of 6.6 years and women 2.9 years of schooling.

Unmet need for first pregnancy was high (56%) as their family members wanted fist child to be soon after marriage (husband 15% and mother-in-law (34%). Only one-third of men discussed about family planning with their wives before first pregnancy. Logistic regression reveals that women were significantly less likely to have first child after marriage (odds ratio-0.825) than men. Findings reveal that perception towards first pregnancy was strongly drives by men. In order to enhance family planning use as well as bringing down the unmet need for fist pregnancy, inter-spousal communication may be promoted as strategically.

The poor reproductive health among women is the outcome of prevailing unintended fertility due to lack of family planning practices at the time of need. The present study aims to address this issue in the State of Odisha, India. Odisha with strong concentration of tribal population has moderate fertility but very high infant, child and maternal mortality in India. The paper examines the variation in unmet need among women of the said population. It uses data from three rounds of India’s the National Family Survey (NFHS-1, NFHS-2 & NFHS-3). Multinomial logistic regression (m-log) models and GIS have been used to analyze the data. The study reveals that the programme should look into the unmet need of women who are young, lower parity, illiterate, non-working, lower standard of living and poor inter-spouse communication about family planning in order to address the unmet need for family planning, maternal and child health among the population.

Not so much has been documented about determinants of contraceptive use among sexually active younger women in comparison with older women. Most of the existing literature generalizes contraceptive use among all women. Understanding determinants of contraceptive use among different age groups is key in the development of highly effective family planning programmes.
Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2011 dataset was used. The sample comprised of 1,697 married and sexually active women. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between selected independent variables and the outcome variable (current use of modern contraception).
More factors were found to be associated with contraceptive use among young women (15-24) compared to older women (25-34). Contraceptive use among young women was associated with: education, region, empowerment and desire for children. Apart from desire for children, all other significant factors associated with contraceptive use were found among the young women (15-24).
It is recommended that there is need for consistent provision of Family Planning services to cater for spacing needs (desire) of the women as well as ensuring completion of secondary school since these were associated with contraceptive use.

BACKGROUND : Postpartum and postabortum contraception is program aimed to control birth spacing, pregnancy interval, prevent unwanted pregnancy, and increase maternal-child health.

OBJECTIVES : To explore preferences of acceptors in using contraceptive methods during postpartum and postabortum period.

METHODS : Research subject are postpartum and postabortum acceptors from 727 hospitals by 80,810 acceptors in 5 regions from 33 Indonesia’s provinces. Data taken from hospital’s reporting and recording start from January until December 2011.

RESULTS : Results are main contraceptive use nationally is injection (31.5%), and Java-Bali is highest contraceptive use (41,6%). Highest prevalence of vasectomy is Sumatera (53%). Highest prevalence of tubectomy is Java-Bali (46.9%). Highest prevalence of IUD is Java-Bali (52.2%). Highest prevalence of Implant is Sumatera (53.7%). Highest prevalence of Injection is Java-Bali (41.7%). Highest prevalence of Pill is Sumatera (47.1%). Highest prevalence of condom is Java-Bali (46.3%).

CONCLUSIONS : In order to improve the situation, health authorities should be encouraged to provide counselling on postpartum and postabortum contraceptive methods during ante and postnatal.

With high prevalence of induced abortion, Pakistani woman’s household living arrangements determines whether she is allowed to access abortion services or has to seek a clandestine abortion. Previous studies suggest a shift of role among various players and affect of some social changes in decision making process to seek abortion. The paper aims to unfold this process at household level in span of last ten years. The methodology includes an extended analysis of two studies carried out in 2002 and 2012.
Initial analysis suggests notable changing patterns of family type from joint to nuclear as contributing factor for choices of abortion seeking behavior. Furthermore, husbands’ role is still very dominant however they are becoming more supportive than earlier that helps reducing clandestine abortions. Role of the mother-in-law is diminishing or even supportive. Further analysis will provide deeper insights into these changes and whether it surmounts to better access to abortion services for women especially in poor and rural areas.

Social and reproductive health issues among youth are seriously debated and have fascinated great concern particularly the researchers, policy makers and community. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual and reproductive (SRH) problems amongst youths and factors influencing it. Data was obtained from the national health survey of youth aged between 18-25 years and was analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi square test and logistic analysis. The study consists of 22,750 youth with almost equal ratio by sex and mean age 19.0 years old. The proportion of youth engaged with SRH problems identified with 39.5% had engaged in pornographic viewing, 28.5% ever had masturbation, 6.5% admitted have had premarital sex and 2.3% were noted having STI's symptom. The association between SRH problems and demographic profiles was significant with sex and ethnicities. While result of logistic regression revealed that less religious, anti-social and risky behavior were significantly influenced the youths to SRH problems. Hence, youth programme should be directed towards prevention of risky behavior and anti-social behavior in order to indirectly curbing SRH problems. Religiosity element should not be neglected and to be stressed in an approach that is acceptable by the youth.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude of unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion and to assess awareness towards emergency contraceptives (EC) among antenatal care attendees in Ethiopia.
Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from August 19th to September 30th 2011 among 310 antenatal care attendants (age of 15-49) that were selected by using simple random sampling technique. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16.0.
Result: Among 310 respondents, 87 (28%) reported their pregnancy was unintended and 56 (18%) had ever practiced unsafe abortion one or more times. Only 105 (34%) of respondents had heard about EC and among those only 11.8% had used the method previously. A considerable proportion of respondents (59.1%) reported their fear on using EC due to safety misconceptions.
Conclusion: This study indicated unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are very high due to lack of knowledge, practice and misconception towards EC among antenatal care (ANC) attending women. Therefore, it is necessary to promote emergency contraceptive awareness and use for ANC attendants with appropriate education methods.
Key words: Antenatal care attendees, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, emergency contraception, Ethiopia

Government in this case is trying to do the transfer BKKBN contraception Contraception Methods of Non Long Term switch on Long-Term Contraceptive Methods that IUDs and implants. IUD contraceptives have high effectiveness as well as including non-hormonal contraceptives. This study aims to find and study the patterns and differences in the use of IUDs in Indonesia indirectness, the data used secondary data from Demographic and Health Survey 2007, the unit of analysis in the study were IUD use historical data in the calendar IDHS 2007, with duration of first use of IUDs.
The results is the percentage of indirectness IUD use is higher in women aged 15 – 49 years living in rural, less educated, working, not often discussion or talk about birth control, get Alkon from other sources (private and others), the decision to air KB by the husband and the other, they had used / how MKJP quit or drop out and risk life was higher in women aged 15 – 49 years living in rural, less educated, working, do not often have discussions, get Alkon from other sources (private and other ), the decision to her by her husband and other family planning, ever use a way MKJP.

The contentious issue of induced abortion has been a major stumbling block in the promotion of women's reproductive and sexual health and rights around the world. In Islamic societies the debates about the secular and religious dimensions of pregnancy termination have referenced a number of schools of Islamic law and teachings. In this paper we compare Iran, the largest Shi'ite society, and Indonesia, the largest Sunni society and largest national population of Muslims in the world, to identify the dimensions and dynamics of the debates over abortion. Both countries display differences of opinion among clerics and some confusion about the place of secular law in regulating the medical practice of abortion. It is difficult to analyze the demographic dimensions of abortions rates, ratios and trends, without valid and reliable data and many of the parliamentary and religious debates are thus riven with misinformation. Demographic techniques to calculate numbers of abortions in each country have failed to achieve valid or reliable estimates. It appears that the main determinants of local policies arise from a general sense of propriety and morality rather than any specific religious doctrines specific to the two streams of Islam. Women's rights are constrained by primordial culture entwined with Islamic legal arguments.

Multilevel modeling is commonly used to assess the influence of community-level variables on demographic and health outcomes, yet these methods have rarely been applied at the couple-level. We conduct multilevel modeling of data from 238 couples who participated in the 2005 Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey in the Philippines to assess the individual-, partner-, and couple-level influences on men’s and women’s family planning knowledge. Preliminary findings indicate that 17% of the total variance in family planning knowledge across participants was between couples. Individual-level (e.g., female gender and higher educational attainment) and couple-level variables (e.g., relationship duration, partnership status, and greater church participation by female partner) were significantly associated with greater knowledge of family planning methods, as compared to other couples. Subsequent analyses will assess additional individual and couple-level covariates and cross-level interactions. Preliminary results indicate that knowledge of family planning methods are influenced by individual, partner, and relationship characteristics.