Ethical issues in demographic research

In Brazil, studies on the homeless population are not frequent. In 2009, a Census was conducted in the city of Santos and the answers to the questions: Living on the street? Sleeping on the street? Living from the street? Are these choices ou social determinations? indicated that violence was the central variable.
Violence is present in the reasons for living on the streets - unemployment, breakdown of family ties, loss of housing - determining the use of the street as the living space. The answers concerning the preference for sleeping on the street also reveal, in the services that offer overnight spaces, forms of violence disguised as rules of coexistence that can not be disregarded. As people live and sleep on the streets also gets its living from the street in socially undervalued works, risking the health, in the middle of the trash, of the disposable, as their abused lives, often attacked for those who increase the discrimination.
Existential inequality that means the denial of (equal) recognition and respect, reinforcing the stigma and the invisibility. People who live, sleep and get their living from the streets suffer the most serious forms of inequality, violence and social vulnerability.

Population has always been an important consideration in determining the wealth and progress of a nation. As part of the population, the family, being the basic unit, is developed, cared for and protected by the government. The study looked into family planning campaigns in Korea from the year 1962 onto the present and evaluated the efficacy of these. Statistics regarding the population distribution, labor force, and committed crimes were obtained and analyzed. These figures were associated with the family program campaign and were deemed to be reflective of latent problems in the society. Results revealed that
the objectives of these programs were clear and reachable and that they have indeed succeeded in reducing fertility rates. However, effects of these efforts that may possibly affect the society negatively have not been considered or foreseen. Low birth rates were associated to an aging population, a shrinking labor force, xenophobia within the Korean consciousness and increased crime rates among foreign nationals. The research delved into these underlying concerns and further
recommended that these ought to be studied in light of macro-level societal programs. Governmental programs may have been developed with the best intentions but unintended impacts to the society must also be anticipated.

Objective: 1) to examine the frequency of income quintiles by gender and ethnicity in Thai Nguyen 2) to explore the differences between these groups.

Method: 1568 individuals more than 18 years old who are working as farmer were selected. The weight values have been added in this paper so that the estimated population is closer to the reported population of Thai Nguyen province in 2009 Census.

Results: Males accounted for a smaller proportion than females (46.2% versus 53.8%). Mean age is 39.2 years old. There are more Kinh people in high income quintile than ethnic minorities (EM). By gender, women had lower income than men, although the total working time per week of women was similar (in EM) or higher (in Kinh) than men.

Conclusion: In Thai Nguyen province, there are the differences between man and female, Kinh and EM in income and working time.

Keywords: income, ethnic minorities, gender, Vietnam, Thai Nguyen

Considerable evidence has shown that women’s reproductive rights are frequently violated in public-hospital settings in Mexico. In some cases, physicians have been extremely authoritarian and repressive. Their actions can only be interpreted within the framework of gender and power inequity that characterizes these encounters. Why do physicians treat patients in these ways? This area of research must keep in mind the imbalance of power within the physician-patient relationship, in which one actor is invested with power/knowledge and the other is “only a patient.” The imbalance is even greater during gynecological or obstetrical procedures because of a woman’s physical and emotional vulnerability during pregnancy and labor. We present results of a research focused on three dimensions that, we surmise, disclose in particularly clear ways the social origins of medical authoritarianism and doctors inclination to violate women’s rights: the formation of medical doctors at school, their daily practice at the hospital, and the way they defend themselves in court when they face formal accusations by former patients. This is a qualitative research and its design is guided by a grounded theory approach. The aim of this this paper is to present the main findings of this research conducted over the last 12 years.

Government policy and administration concerning indigenous peoples in early Commonwealth Australia encompassed many human rights abuses and population control including removal of children from families, forced migration, oversight of marriage and family life, regulation of employment and wages and access to natural resources. This paper documents the role of population data and information systems in these policy and administrative domains in early Commonwealth Australia using the Northern Territory as a case study. In focusing on the role of demographic data in Australian Aboriginal affairs this paper contributes to the construction of a comprehensive historical record regarding the use of population data systems as well as the promotion of discourse among demographers and social statisticians concerning the ethical dimensions of the collection, analysis and use of population data in social programs and policy formation. The specific goals are to document the existence of population data and information systems in Aboriginal administration, and to reveal, where possible, the connections between the collection and use of data and demographic information that contribute to human rights violations of Indigenous Australian persons, families and communities in the Territory.