Educational disparities in Uttarakhand state, India: Experiences from three consecutive Census

Abstract
This paper discusses the existing disparities in literacy in Uttarakhand state –the overall rate of literacy in the state jumped up to 79.6 per cent in 2011 from 57.7 per cent in 1991. While female literacy has increased at a faster rate than male literacy in last three decades, the gap in the male-female literacy has been a major hindrance in achieving the universalization goal of elementary education in the state. The literacy rates were 88.3% for males and, 70.7% for females in 2011. Sopher (1974) disparity index was used to study disparities in literacy by gender, and place of residence. Gender disparity was higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. But disparity between urban males vs rural females was lowered as compared to disparity between urban females vs rural females.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
23 978
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Initial Second Choice
Weight in Programme
21
Status in Programme
1

Gender Inequality in Literacy: A Study of Slum Population in Selected Class-I Towns in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in West Bengal, India

Abstract
An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the spatial variations of gender inequality in literacy of slum population in selected 12 class-I towns in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in West Bengal, India. Sophers’ Disparity Index (1974), as modified by Kundu and Rao (1986) has been used to analyse the gender inequality in literacy of slum population. The highest gender disparity index in literacy of slum population has been observed as 0.196 in Champdani and the lowest as 0.073 in South Dum Dum. The study has revealed that the gender disparity index in literacy of slum population is positively correlated with the gender disparity index in literacy of non-slum population and with the percentage share of slum population to the total population of these towns. The study has also observed that the gender disparity index in literacy of slum population is negatively correlated with the literacy rate, female literacy rate, work participation rate and female work participation rate of slum population of these selected towns.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 013
Type of Submissions
Regular session only
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Weight in Programme
38
Status in Programme
1

Reckoning Level-Differentials in the Measurement of Progress toward Universal Education: An International Comparison

Abstract
The definition of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) related to universal primary education is arguably unfair to countries, particularly least developed countries (LDCs), because of their lower base achievement levels. Hence, assessments based on common methods such as rate ratios and rate differentials are met with criticism because the goal for attaining universal primary enrollment is a level end-goal and differs from some other MDGs which are relative or absolute change goals. Also, it is critical that the progress is assessed not only in terms of achievement but also in terms of the effort toward achievement. Given such intricacies, this paper reviews the existing methods and discusses an alternative level-sensitive approach that informs regarding effort and offers similar conclusions irrespective of the adopted definition of the education indicator. Data from the official MDG monitoring database of the United Nations Statistics Division is analysed to present an international comparison of educational achievements.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 049
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

The effects of an Educational Funding Reform on Regional Inequality in Brazil

Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of a funding education reform implemented in Brazil in 1998 (FUNDEF/FUNDEB), which largely increased the spending per pupil across country. The study analyses whether the redistributive effect of the reform was able to reduce inequality in terms of schools resources between poor and rich regions. Secondly it verifies whether the increase in the availability of resources to schools brought by the reform translate into higher students’ performance. The results suggest a decrease in the inequality of school resources within and to some extend among regions. There is also some evidence of a positive effect on students test scores.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 063
Type of Submissions
Regular session only
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Initial Second Choice
Weight in Programme
73
Status in Programme
1

Educational Mismatch, Gender and Racial Wage Inequality: Evidences on the persistence of high-skilled blacks and women in low-skilled jobs in Brazil

Abstract
Drawing on Brazilian evidences spanning an interval of the last three decades, regularities and disruptions in the incidence of over- and under-education are outlined, as well as consequences for individual earnings. This paper studies the impact of increased schooling in the labor market between 1982 and 2012, from the perspective of occupational allocation, and uses the data from large Brazilian. We compute indicators of mismatch, trying to interpret whether this reflects over-education or increased skills requirements. Hierarchical regression models are estimated to capture the effects of mismatch on individual wage returns by gender and race, controlling for occupational characteristics. Preliminary results indicate both an increase of mismatch over the period and suggest increased skills requirements. And it was found that the wage returns are lower among the overeducated and higher for undereducated when compared to similar individuals in the same occupations, over the entire period.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 353
Type of Submissions
Regular session only
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Initial Second Choice
Weight in Programme
4
Status in Programme
1

Before or after fertility? Antecedents of the low schooling level achieved by a cohort of young mothers in Campinas, Brazil

Abstract
Worldwide, research on fertility in the second decade of life has shown that young mothers complete fewer years of schooling than their nulliparous age peers and women who postpone their first childbirth until after they are 20 years old. This study comprises an analysis of the school career performance of a representative sample (n = 225) of a cohort of young women living in Campinas, a municipality of one million inhabitants in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. All individuals in the sample had their first live-born child at the ages of 17, 18 or 19 in 2005 and were interviewed in 2006 and 2007. Their school achievements were assessed in a cross-sectional observation after fertility. Nonetheless, by the use of retrospective questions, the schooling histories were reconstituted longitudinally from age seven to 15 when all were still nulliparous. The high incidence of failures and interruptions prior to the subjects’ pregnancy and first live birth indicates that many of them had run into obstacles to their school career before fertility. Thus, cross-sectional studies that exclusively analyze the schooling deficits of young mothers after their first pregnancy or childbirth and directly compare them to the school achievements of childless women may not properly identify the origins of age-school grade gaps.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
48 769
Language (Translated)
fr
Title (Translated)
Fécondité : avant ou après ? Etude de cas du faible niveau d’instruction atteint par une cohorte de jeunes mères de Campinas, au Brésil
Abstract (Translated)
Dans le monde entier, les recherches sur la fécondité chez les 10-20 ans ont montré que les jeunes mères font moins d’études que les jeunes filles nullipares du même âge ou les femmes qui retardent leur première grossesse jusqu’après leurs 20 ans. Nous analysons la réussite scolaire d’un échantillon représentatif (n = 225) d’une cohorte de jeunes femmes de Campinas, ville d’un million d’habitants dans l’état de São Paulo au Brésil. Tous les individus de l’échantillon ont eu un premier enfant né vivant à l’âge de 17, 18 ou 19 ans en 2005, et ont été interrogés en 2006 et 2007. Leurs résultats scolaires ont été évalués à l’aide d’une observation transversale après fécondité. Des questions rétrospectives ont toutefois permis de reconstituer longitudinalement leur histoire scolaire de 7 à 15 ans, âge auquel ces jeunes filles étaient encore nullipares. La forte incidence des échecs ou interruptions des études avant une grossesse ou la naissance d’un enfant né vivant indique qu’un grand nombre de ces jeunes filles ont rencontré d’autres obstacles à la poursuite de leurs études, avant même la fécondité. Les études transversales qui portent exclusivement sur le manque d’instruction des jeunes mères après leur première grossesse ou accouchement et les comparent directement au niveau d’études des femmes sans enfants ne permettent donc pas de déterminer avec exactitude l’origine de ces écarts dans les niveaux d’études atteints.
Status (Translated)
2
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Initial Second Choice
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

MEASUREMENT OF INTER-GROUP INEQUALITY IN LITERACY: AN INTER-STATE ANALYSIS

Abstract
Wide spread regional differences in educational achievement in India as a matter of concern has drawn attention of planner and policy makers addressing questions of development divide across regions. This has led to the recognition of educational inequality as a potential contributor towards the development divide and gained prominence as one of the policy objective of national as well as provincial governments. In this regard, an assessment of the nature, extent and intensity of educational inequality assumes significance. Literacy rate, the most fundamental and widely used indicator of educational development, being a mean centric measure ignore the distributional dimension of group disparity. With this pre-text, present paper is an attempt to analyse the extent of disparity in literacy rate across Indian state accounting for the inter-group inequality. Two different Index, one based on the Atkinson’s social welfare function approach and other Gini-type inequality index have been used to compute the inter-group inequality adjusted literacy deprivation index. The analysis reflects a significant scaling of group-inequality adjusted literacy rate over unadjusted which indicates the significant welfare loss due to the unequal distribution.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 044
Type of Submissions
Regular session only
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Weight in Programme
58
Status in Programme
1

Gender Differentials in Inequality of Educational Opportunities in India: New Evidence from an Indian Youth Study

Abstract
Using data from the ‘Youth in India: Situation and Needs’ survey, this paper provides perhaps the first estimates of inequality of opportunity in schooling outcomes for males and females separately for India. The inequality of educational opportunity in completion of primary (and secondary) schooling among females is more than twice (and nearly twice) than that among males. Further, among females only 20% of total schooling opportunities needed for universal completion of secondary schooling are available and equitably distributed; a figure substantially lower than that for males (35%). We also find stark inter-state variations in gender-differential in inequality of educational opportunities.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 007
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Initial Second Choice
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

Gender Gap in Educational Performance and Achievement in rural China: Evidence from Sibling Data

Abstract
Do parents invest more in sons than in daughters in rural China with strong tradition of son preference and differentiate the educational outcomes across children within families? Prior research suggests that girls have lower educational attainment than boys across families in China. However, existing research primarily relies on sample from urban families with only one child and pays little attention to rural families, normally have more than one child. In addition, sample from one child family is hard to know how parents allocate resources within families, since the only child expectably receives all the resources, but the rural child has to compete with their siblings. Therefore, we have little knowledge about gender differences in educational outcomes in rural China and how parents allocate the resource across children
This research aims to explore the gender differences in educational outcomes and how parents allocate resources within families in rural China by using unique sibling data from the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (GSCF). Preliminary suggests that there is no difference in educational attainment, but sons outscore their sisters in test scores. The next step of this research is going to explore how parental investment reinforces the gender differences in educational performance.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 354
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

Gender Inequality in School Enrolment and School Life Expectancy Among Socio-Economic Groups in India

Abstract
The new human development Index devised by UNDP in 2010 replaced the adult literacy and school enrolment rate by School Life Expectancy (SLE) in measuring educational progress across countries/regions and groups. Though there were some attempt to prepare the SLE at national level, there are limited number of studies on gender differentials in SLE at regional level and among socio-economic groups. Using the unit data from 66th round, schedule 10.0 of National Sample Survey Organisation this paper estimates the gender inequality in SLE across the states of India and socio-economic groups. Besides, the gender differentials in school enrolment, drop-out and never attendance for primary, secondary and tertiary level has been analysed. Results indicate that the gender differentials in SLE is large across social and economic groups. The gender gap is large among those belonging to middle economic strata, other backward caste and Muslims. Among states the mean SLE varies from 10.3 years in Dadra Nagar Haveli to 14.6 years in Nagaland. The gender gap in enrolment indicate that for all levels of education higher differentials prevail in rural areas and they increase with the level. At tertiary level the gender gap in enrolment in rural areas is twice as much of that in urban areas.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
24 014
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
First Choice History
Initial First Choice
Weight in Programme
39
Status in Programme
1