Belonging and control in population history

The tribal population is an integral part of India’s social fabric and has the second largest concentration after that of the African continent. Tribal’s in India present a significant degree of cultural and ethnic diversity. It is ironical that the poorest people of India are living in the areas of richest natural resources.
The Zeliangrong is one of the indigenous tribes of Manipur. The name Zeliangrong was formed by the combination of the cognate tribes, such as Zemei, Liangmei and Rongmei. It has been formed by stitching the first three syllables together out of the three sub tribes’ names.
The article will portray the entire perspective of Zeliangrong, the Naga tribe of Manipur, India. It will indicate their cultural customs, tradition, living system, occupation, marriage system, and their physical features etc. They have a good number of population ranking third among the tribal group of Manipur. It has lots of variation and difference from hills to valley. The present study was conducted in different villages from where more accurate information was expected. The data was collected from aged people

Many Africans now recognize indigenous knowledge as “the single largest knowledge resource not yet mobilized in the development enterprise”. The global economic and environmental crises, and widening inequalities between and within countries have exposed flaws in the Western, model of development imposed from the top, and the need for an alternative model which emphasizes the cultural dimension of development. The challenge for Africa is how to engage and cope with globalization and other external influences in a way that is compatible with local cultures, values and priorities. The paper considers how indigenous knowledge and practice can be used to achieve sustainable development in governance, health care, poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and so on. Indigenous knowledge offers a model for rethinking and redirecting the development process, and a way to involve, enable and empower local actors to take part in their own development. Researchers and donor agencies in Africa should try to learn from and tap into indigenous knowledge for locally appropriate ways to achieve endogenous development. The paper sees the indigenous knowledge movement as an appropriate local response to globalization and Western knowledge dominance, and a way to promote cultural identity and inter-cultural dialogue for African development

Using recent survey data of children of Turkish immigrants and native comparison group members, this paper examines effects of contextual and psychosocial factors on acculturation preferences. Berry's acculturation model is used to classify the Turkish second generation into acculturation style categories (assimilation, integration, separation, marginalization) whereas the Health Belief Model (HBM) is used to identify relevant contextual and psychosocial factors of acculturation preference style. Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA) is used to examine effects of HBM inspired factors on preference style, and to profile respondents with a particular style according to common background characteristics. The latter is particularly useful for tailoring integration policies to specific target groups. Results indicate that policy and local context (cues to action) are important to the explanation of acculturation preference whereas indicators of perceived threat to social exclusion, benefits of and barriers to social inclusion, and self-efficacy also contribute to the explanation of acculturation preferences of the Turkish second generation.

Marriage in South Asia have reported transition in the selection of spouse from arranged, choice of spouse by parents, to love marriage, choice of spouse left to the individual to be married. This paper examines marriage in the Bangladeshi cultural context. This paper first examines the qualities that are valued while selecting a groom/bride. Second,lived marriage experience of female study participants is examined in the light of arranged versus love marriage. Third, use of agency in negotiation of arranged marriage.Finally, role of education on spouse selection is explored. Data were collected from rural Matlab and urban Dhaka. This paper is based on 32 in-depth interviews, combined with participant observation , and a small scale survey (n=400) conducted among currently married women. From a marriage point of view rich and educated boys are valued. Beautiful girls with white skin and competence in household chores are valued. Altruistic norm encourages older generation to choose spouse for the younger generation, which the latter are expected to accept. Participants who have opted for love marriage have experienced opposition from family. Majority of participants with arranged marriage have expressed disappointment over early marriage because in most cases they had to drop out from school after marriage.

The study examines the intersection between social support, food habits and health outcomes in Ghana. Patterns of fruit consumption is low in Ghana, we make the argument that fruits are not consumed because they are perceived as not filling or “heavy”, in a situation where people are managing food insecurity fruit consumption is not on the list of prioritised meals even with social supports. The data analysed are from the second round of the EDULINK project in three urban communities in Accra (659 individuals). Social support was measured by participant’s ability to ask for food help from neighbours. The total number of times fruits were consumed in a week was estimated for each participant using a food frequency questionnaire. Body mass index was measured using the body weight and height. Half of the respondents (50.1%) considered asking food help from neighbours. Fruit consumption ranged from 0-42 times in a week. About 42% of the sample was overweight/obese. Asking for food help from neighbours was decreased fruit consumption. Increase in fruit consumption decreased the probability of been overweight/obese. Age, sex and educational level of respondents were the main predictors of overweight/obesity. When people are asking for foods from neighbours fruits may not be on list of foods asked because of its cultural value.

In this study, the author would attempt to critique the assumption of Rationality in Demography . This topic will be explored since various studies have already been attempting to prove that the assumption of Rationality is not anymore very reliable when it comes with decision-making. As far as Demography is concerned, decisions are important in determining certain trends in demographic processes or dynamics like Fertility, Marriage, Mortality, and Migration. Furthermore, Demography, most especially Formal Demography has been known as a discipline usually dealing with aggregates where Rationality is assumed. Then, the author would explore how Happiness can be a substitute to this Rationality assumption, proposing that Happiness can capture the limits of Rationality as well as aspects of Irrationality referring to previous researches on Bounded Rationality, Happiness Economics, and Happiness Studies which involve various demographic processes. Then the author would look at sample instances when Irrationality or Bounded Rationality, Happiness, and a demographic process like Fertility come into play. Finally, the author would attempt to present possible frontiers Demographers can explore in the study of Happiness, particularly in its measurement and its applications in policy-making, using Bhutan's GNH Survey as a model.

This methodological paper describes systematically the steps towards exploring client perceived barriers to enroll in a National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana. To unravel clients’ motives we adopt a Participatory Action Approach, which allows inquiring deeply in clients’ assumptions and root causes of the barriers to health insurance enrolment, while transferring learning among multiple stakeholders in the system: the client, the healthcare provider and the insurer. We employ a linked trajectory of qualitative and quantitative methods to gather in depth- individual views and interpretations, followed by two stakeholder validation meetings to capture emic concepts arising from group interaction. To obtain generalizeable knowledge the data is used for the design of a survey. Based on all data interventions were developed that engage all stakeholders. Data was collected in 2011 and 2012 among clients in their local communities in two regions in Ghana. This paper aims to add to the existing literature by describing and reasoning the scientific contribution of the Participatory Action Research. We claim that this participatory approach leads to reliable, rich data and evidence based interventions, aiming at client centered services and increased enrolment in the health insurance.

In 2000 the Government of Indonesia made a political breakthrough by allowing its statistical agency to collect and publish data on ethnicity in its population census. The data in the census is the first statistics on ethnicity in Indonesia since its independence in 1945. Earlier statistics was collected during the colonial time in 1930. The 2010 population census continued the initiative, collecting and publishing the statistics on ethnicity. We utilize the coded raw data of 2010 population census to produce and analyse the first statistics on ethnic composition in Indonesia in 2010. We evaluate its changes during 2000-2010. We also calculate and discuss the first statistics on the religion and language of each of the ethnic groups. Because of space limitation, we focus on the fifteen largest ethnic groups, covering 84.89 percent of total Indonesian citizens in Indonesia in 2010. We utilize our New Classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia, which is a useful guide for anybody who wants to study Indonesia’s ethnicity using the 2010 population census.

This paper takes a retrospective look at the substantive, theoretical and methodological innovations and contributions of the Malawi/South Africa Journals Project, an archive of over 1200 observational journals from 1999 to the present. The journals provide intensive details of day-to-day rural life in a range of settings, focusing the interactions, interpretations, and challenges that populate informal social networks. The journals provide a longitudinal account of communities, households and individuals coping with the phases of the AIDS epidemic, from the era of highest prevalence, through the expansion of prevention campaigns, to the coming of HIV testing, and, most recently, the rollout of treatment. Using the journals, scholars have been able to identify how ordinary Malawians have negotiated matters of love, risk and death in the face of their knowledge of AIDS, and how local dynamics have shaped the uptake and use of innovations from "outside", ranging from the clinical apparatuses of biomedicine to the "talking technologies" of self-help and support groups. We identify the unique contributions of this extraordinary archive, and consider both its limitations and future directions.

The aim of this paper is to find out relation between culture and population movements with emphasize on migration trends in Iran and its neighbours.These are Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Russian Federation, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, and Yemen Countries. The main question of this paper is that; do countries with different historical and cultural experiences (e.g., Iran,Pakistan and Turkey), and economic growth (e.g., Afghanistan vs. Pakistan) manifest similar patterns of migration change? More specifically, the study attempts to examine Hammel Theory on relation between demographic changes and cultural traits in Iran and its neighbours. Research method is documentary analysis. It is tried to monitor the national and international invaluable sources. Data used in this research are mostly taken from the United Nations Population Division (2011 Revision) and the World Bank (WDI 2011) for the period 1990-2010 and Human Development Report (HDR) for 2011. This study is confirmed Hammel’s theory for those countries which have same human development level.