Poster session on Society and culture

The historical comparability of data from different censuses requires that we take into account all changes that may have arisen during the period under study. The way in which we answer the census of population questionnaire or to any other surveys may in fact be influenced by various factors, including those related to the methodology. The examination of the responses to the language questions of the 2001, 2006 and 2011 censuses allows us to note that observed changes in the patterns of response to the questions on mother tongue and language spoken at home in 2011 arise in large part from the changes made to the position and context of the language questions in this census questionnaire relative to previous censuses.

The structural analysis of international migration system between Brazil and the United States seeks to provide contributions to the understanding of the empirical phenomenon through the role of the mechanisms intervenient in the system. The social network analysis seeks to identify regular patterns of the positions occupied by actors and relational flows. Brazil currently has 60 million users on Facebook and their data structure allows to collect data comparable to previous studies about the structure of the social network migration. The objective of this paper is to analyze the structure of the social network migration of Governador Valadares City, from interviews with residents in the region, and to compare the results of this survey with the structure captured by overlapping the personal network of Facebook users in the same region. The first part of this analysis was based on a field research where 60 individuals were interviewed that had some relation to migration. The second step will consist in the construction of the network migration from the overlapping personal networks of Facebook users and compatibilization with the first survey. Networks measurements were produced for the first data source and it is expected that processing performed between the two sources have similarities.

Despite its quantitative tradition, demography has become more aligned with qualitative research over the past 15 years. There has been a growing recognition that quantitative research offers little information about ideals, motivations, intentions, cultural aspects, and processes that surround demographic events. Therefore, many of the important questions relating to demography cannot be answered through the sole use of a quantitative approach. The objective of the paper is to investigate the production of qualitative research in demography during the 21st century. The analysis is based on the articles published in four major journals: Demography, Demographic Research, Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População - REBEP, and Revista Latinoamericana de Población- RELAP. We quantify the papers that use qualitative techniques, their authors and institutional affiliations, countries/regions under study, while also qualifying the findings by answering the following question: what have we learned from these qualitative studies that we would not have learned from quantitative data? Using content analysis, we investigate the papers published in all volumes of the journals between 2001 and 2013, except for RELAP, which was first published in 2007. The papers published in these four jorunals are predominantly quantitative.

Network of relatives. Composition and changes throughout the life course.

Demographic change, more specifically “population ageing”, has spurred a renewed interest in “solidarity” ─ cf. the title of the Green Paper (2009) of the European Commission, “Intergenerational solidarity: key to responding to demographic ageing.”
According to Parsons (1968), the primary unit of solidarity is the family. The interrelationships of family members reveal the three basic forms of solidarity: affectional solidarity, associational solidarity; and consensus solidarity.
The analysis gives a description of the composition of the network of family members and the changes therein through the life course. The analysis is based on the data of the Belgian GGP survey of around 2010.
The results reveal that, overall, the number of family members is low. Moreover, the composition of the network and the number of family members greatly varies with age. The results also reveal differences between men and women and the existence of cultural difference, namely differences in the composition of reconstituted families. Moreover, the increased importance in reconstituted families raises the question of the need for new forms of solidarity between step-parents and step-children.

In the context of the existing nutrition transition, this paper tries to assess the possible existence of the double burden of malnutrition, that is, the simultaneous existence of underweight and overweight problems, in Indian society. The paper throws light on the evidence of the changing face of malnutrition among the ever-married women in India, analysing data from NFHS-2 (1998-99) and NFHS-3 (2005-06). The new classification of overweight and obesity for the Asian population as prescribed by WHO (2004) has been considered besides the traditional definition. In 2006, around half of the women were malnourished. Over these seven years time, the pace of decline of underweight proportion has been one-third as compared to the rate of increment in overweight. Considering the Asian standard cut-off points for overweight and obesity, the scenario gets worse, as one-fourth of the women were overweight. The underweight problem seems to cut across all social and economic categories, whereas, the overweight/obesity problem seems to be more of a problem of wealthier, urban women, exposing them towards double burden of malnutrition. Hence, the research and policies in India has to focus on the paradoxical co-existence of underweight and overweight problems among women to tackle this emerging issue.

On November 21, 2012, a new census will be fielded in Bolivia, the first since 2001. All residents will be required to stay in their homes in order to be available to census enumerators. Since the amount of resources that each rural and urban municipality receives from the state is based on the number of inhabitants recorded in the census, maximizing that number recorded locally has become a crucial goal for municipal and community leaders. They have been demanding that every person be present in their real or de jure “home”. In some cases, they have threatened sanctions against migrants who do not return to that home. Given the high rates of internal migration in El Alto —estimates from the 2001 census show that for every migrant that leaves El Alto, five arrive— these threats suggest that the forthcoming census will trigger considerable pre- and post-census population flows. In turn, this suggests that census data on population distributions across high in- and out-migrant districts will be flawed

The growth of Protestantism --especially its evangelical variants-- among US Latinos has been the focus of considerable discussion among researchers, religious leaders, and the general public. However, few studies have investigated patterns and correlates of Latino religious affiliation and conversion from Catholicism to Protestantism. There are theories to explain Latino conversion from Catholicism to Protestantism, but empirical support for these theories based on nationally representative surveys remains rare. Our study provides fresh information on the growth of Protestantism among US Latinos. Specifically, we address two main research questions: (1) what characteristics distinguish converts to Protestantism from lifelong Catholics within the Latino population in the US; and (2) how do these findings strengthen or weaken the current theories put forth to explain Latino conversion. Relevant hypotheses are tested using data from a large (n=4,016) national sample of US Latinos surveyed by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life in fall 2006. We find that the common treatment of US Latinos in religion research as a pan-ethnic, homogeneous group is misleading -- cultural and historical contexts of countries of origin matter. Study limitations are discussed and promising directions for future research are identified.

An intriguing finding in demographic studies of majority–minority group differences in mortality is that Hispanics in the United States, particularly those of Mexican origin, have a life expectancy similar to, and sometimes higher than, whites. This is a situation exactly the opposite that of non-Hispanic blacks. Despite the fact that Mexican Americans and African Americans both have a greater likelihood than whites to be unemployed, in poverty, with low levels of education, and have a long history of discrimination – all of which should result in high levels of mortality -- Mexican Americans compared to whites are not disadvantaged with regard to longevity, but African Americans are. This is known as the Hispanic epidemiological paradox. There is a similar finding in studies of criminal behavior, showing that Hispanic neighborhoods, especially those mainly inhabited by immigrants, have low crime rates, at about the same level as those of whites in similar neighborhoods, but much higher than those of African American neighborhoods. This is known as the Hispanic criminological paradox. In this paper we present our new and extended research and analyses of Hispanic and non-Hispanic mortality and criminal behavior in the United States around the period of 2000-2010.

Andhra Pradesh is the first state in India, to reach the replacement level fertility in spite of having high infant and child mortality; high illiteracy and other unfavorable factors. This is an effort to assess such endeavors both theoretically and empirically. Results indicate that though current use of contraception has increased from 41 percent in 1992-93 to 68 percent in 2005-06, the contribution of female sterilization alone is 63 percent and almost 83 percent of women with two living children are sterilized. Status of sterilized women is higher than women using other methods of contraception. Women status in family increases with increasing years after sterilization. Findings suggest a positive association between sterilization at early age, lower fertility and women status. To surmount the intra-familial controls on them, the women is responding remarkably to family planning program herself by ending reproductive span to get higher status in the family ladder.

The burgeoning influx of international residents into Korea has been diversifying the demographic structure as well as increasing the size of the foreign population. This swell in ethnic heterogeneity is a novelty to Korean society which has had homogeneous ethnic-cultural features. The main objective of this paper is to examine the effects of foreign population size on Korean attitudes towards foreigners and heterogeneity of its effect according to the foreigner’s ethnic group. This study hypothesizes that perceptions of threat posed by a larger size of foreign population in a county are likely to increase Korean negative attitudes towards foreigners. Micro-data from the 2010 Korean General Survey and municipal data of foreign residents and Korean citizens in 2009 are analyzed. The effects of the foreign population’s perceptible size on Korean attitudes towards foreigners vary depending on the foreigner’s ethnic group. The primary result in this study shows that greater size of foreign population in a county tends to have more negative effects on Korean acceptance towards Japanese, Korean Chinese, Han Chinese, and Southeast Asians in comparison to the result that foreign population size has a statistically insignificant effect on Korean attitudes towards North Korean defectors, North Americans, and Europeans.