The effects of migration on areas of destination

This paper reviews the results of Russia's vital records research. High attention in the work is paid to the quality and structure of vital statistics data (registration of births and deaths files) in terms of its applicability for the migrants input to birth and death rates estimation in Russian regions and in the country on the whole. The paper also contains pilot estimation results of the indicated migrants input to the population reproduction indices, namely, birth and death rates by age and total fertility rate in 10 regions of Russia in year 2009.

There is a growing demand for highly skilled labour force in Germany. The ability of regions to attract sufficient labour force becomes more and more important, considering the aging and shrinking working population. It can be assumed that places with universities have an advantage in attracting highly skilled labour because of the continuous inflow of students. Among them, one can find more and more international students. Understanding which factors have an influence on their intention to stay or leave the region is the focus of this study. Based on the creative class theory a case study was conducted among 253 international Master and PhD students at the University of Göttingen, Germany. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis, we established that the majority of international students can imagine staying in the region after graduation, while most of them are not familiar with regional companies. These results show that international students and companies do not have sufficient access to each other and imply that efforts have to be made to promote the publicity of regional companies in order to retain international talents.

This paper studies the role of U.S. migration on the intergenerational educational mobility of non-migrant youth in Mexico by using data from the 10% sample of the 2000 Mexican Census to compare the educational attainment of youth ages 13 to 20 to that of their parents. Classic models of status attainment suggest that family background is a strong determinant of children educational outcomes. Household migration is expected to positively influence education through its impact on socioeconomic status. However, living in a place with high migration prevalence has been associated with schooling discontinuation and an orientation towards U.S. labor markets. Results show that the positive effects of migration in the household depend on the socioeconomic conditions of the community. In less developed areas, migration in household has a stronger impact on intergenerational educational mobility. In contrast, higher migration prevalence in the community is associated with lower probabilities of intergenerational educational mobility. Additional work explores the stronger impact of migration in poor areas by conducting split sample analyses by level of community development to better understand the interplay between community characteristics and migration influences on educational mobility.

Southern Mozambique is under immense pressure due to increase of HIV infection. While men migrate in search for household income women left behind are still tied by patriarchy norms with a little evidence of the impact of condom use. The article is based on data collected from a study funded by NIH/NIACD of US about "Men´s HIV risk in Gaza province of Mozambique". The study resulted from a combination of quantitative methods and in depth interviews of laborers migrant´s wives. Yet the underlying dynamics of the relationships between the laborer migrants and their spouses/partners have geared to permanent risks on HIV infection as in many cases both partners have "ignored" condom use. This paper aims to provide information on vulnerability to HIV infection of rural families in the context of males´ migration and the extent do wives prevent HIV within a patriarchy society. Are families willing to die silently?

The fertility of immigrants’ children,although under documented, increasingly shapes the ethnic diversity of the European population. This paper provides novel fertility estimates for immigrant and second generation women in the UK, by ethnic groupings (including Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Black African, White British and White Other), using the LFS-OCM method. The LFS-OCM estimates correct for migration-specific tempo effects, minimising the risk of overestimation of immigrants’ fertility using classical Period TFR. Results reveal intergenerational fertility transitions that strongly contribute to the fertility convergence between ethnic groups and indicating degrees of fertility ‘assimilation’ or ‘intergenerational adaptation’ to the UK mainstream childbearing behaviour, although ethnic differences remain. The analysis of fertility by educational attainment of women reveals consistent educational association with fertility patterns across immigrant and ethnic groups. Results provide evidence for educational/structural factors to be major determinants of ethnic fertility differentials and intergenerational changes and suggest a ‘socialisation’ impact of the UK context in shaping fertility of the second generation. Departure from the classical assimilation theory for some groups is discussed.

This paper describes changes in the stock and demographic composition of Peruvian migrants, firstly, it explores the migration process using secondary sources: the 2001 national census and the provincial census 2008, which is observed alteration suffered by residential settlement site, through the comparison of the distribution, district level, in the two dates and arises-hypothetically-that the observed changes are beyond the economic conditions areas of origin and destination, to link the development of migration networks in Cordoba, both family support and employment is also observed that the presence of Peruvians grew sharply in the last decade. However, there are some striking results, such as changes in terms of demographics, education, and informal employment.
Secondly, the analysis focuses on exploratory interviews applied in 2008 and a survey relieved in late 2009 to members of the Peruvian community in neighborhoods with the highest concentration. Changes observed in their demographic composition, the importance of networks of linkages to sustain the process, its relation to the social, economic and political relations between the two countries and their future continuity. At the individual level, is clearly on the rise accompanying the change in the economic integration of migrants.

African diasporas within the sub-region of West Africa, are often overlooked actors in the area of remittances, development and integration. This issue becomes manifest as very little attention is paid to diasporas in the policy making and expanding literature on African Migration. Attention has always been paid to the African diasporas in the Western countries of the US and Europe. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the concept of “diaspora” has acquired a new and challenging position in public discourse as well as in Social and Cultural Sciences, where its range of meaning has been extended from traumatic histories of Jewish, Armenian or Black communities to various groups of migrant origin and “new diasporas”. There are increasingly new transnational people with the status of diasporas in West Africa. In the context of global cultural politics, the very concept of diaspora seems to have become a symbolic resource. Drawing on the data collected from the Nigerian and Ghanaian diasporas in Ghana and Nigeria respectively, this paper discuses its findings from their social, economic and cultural involvements.. The effects of these contributions to bilateral and multilateral relations in West Africa , thereby enhancing the sub-regional integration will be discussed.

Keywords: Migration, Diaspora, Remittances

International migration. Similarities and differences between EU-Member States

This analysis corresponds to the first chapter in a more in-depth study on the current situation of migrants in EU-Member States. Specific themes of the study will include: (a) the criteria of family reunion; (b) (the effects of) bilateral agreements between sending countries and receiving countries; (c) the procedure of naturalization; (d) the right to vote; (e) return migration; …
The aim of the first chapter is to compare, based on a series of graphs and tables, to what extent international migration flows to EU-countries are different from those to other “migration” countries. Eventually, the comparison must lead to highlighting the specific attractiveness of the EU15 Member States (and Belgium).
One particular subject of the analysis concerns the “definition” of migrants. On strict statistical grounds this may be based on “current nationality”. However, taking into account more sociological considerations “country of birth” could be more appropriate In the case of Belgium (for which there are more detailed statistics available) the way migrants are “defined” makes a huge difference ─ and may have important consequences in the (political) discussions related to the issue of “integration”.

India ranks first in the volume of remittances and it has grown from US $13 billion in 2000 to US $58 billion in 2011. The remittances sent back home by the emigrants helps in reducing poverty.This paper analyzes the effects of foreign employment on poverty in India. The explanatory variables used in the model are, foreign employment as percentage of total labour force, labour availability in agriculture as percent to the total labour force, public expenditure in agriculture per unit of agriculture labour, investment in agriculture per unit of agriculture labour, dependency ratio and adult literacy rate. The results of the analysis show that remittances sent by the international migrants helped in reducing poverty in India, as this variable is highly significant with negative sign. The results show, with increase in remittances per unit of agricultural labour by one rupee will reduce the poverty head count by 0.002 percent. The increase in total investment per unit of labour force also has a positive impact on reducing the poverty head count ratio. However, agricultural credit and public expenditure on agriculture has demonstrated no significant impact on poverty head count.

International student mobility has increased rapidly since 1975 but little attention has been given to why countries differ in their rates of outbound student mobility or whether polices are needed to monitor outflows and encourage students to return home after completing their studies abroad. That is the case even though brain loss is of growing concern to senders. While a handful of papers have looked at student mobility, they differ in their conclusions. A couple of studies have found that students go abroad to study to take advantage of work opportunities abroad upon study completion but others have found that they do so because they lack study opportunities at home. No research paper has looked at student flows to a large number of sending countries and multiple destinations. This paper takes on that task by examining country differences in outbound mobility rates and their correlates. Regression analysis is used to evaluate the relative importance of several structural characteristics of sending countries, including: tertiary training capacity and investments; demand for higher education; GDP per capita; colonial status, population size, and international ties, etc. Preliminary findings show that countries with greater tertiary supply have lower outbound mobility while with higher demand have increased student outflows.