The effects of migration on areas of destination

Regional compositional changes due to migration can modify the distribution of health outcomes, death rates, life style factors and socioeconomic characteristics. The majority of studies on internal or short distances migrations focused on the effect of migration on geographical health and mortality variation. By contrast there is still little empirical evidence on the effect of internal migrations on the patterns of socioeconomic inequality in mortality.
The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the internal post war migration in Italy affected the pattern of mortality inequality by socioeconomic status, from age 50 on, in one of the main areas of destination, the north-western industrial city of Turin, where many individuals sought jobs in the car factories.
We hypothesize that the interplay of the healthy migrant effect and faster health selection due to exposure to higher mortality risk might have homogenized the men population, thus reducing differences in susceptibility to death. We also hypothesize that the process had an impact also reducing the differences in mortality risk by education level and that these processes must have affected more strongly men than women because because they were more passive actors in the migratory decisions and less heavily involved in the industrialization process.

An intriguing finding in demographic studies of majority–minority group differences in mortality is that Hispanics in the United States, particularly those of Mexican origin, have a life expectancy similar to, and sometimes higher than, whites. This is a situation exactly the opposite that of non-Hispanic blacks. Despite the fact that Mexican Americans and African Americans both have a greater likelihood than whites to be unemployed, in poverty, with low levels of education, and have a long history of discrimination – all of which should result in high levels of mortality -- Mexican Americans compared to whites are not disadvantaged with regard to longevity, but African Americans are. This is known as the Hispanic epidemiological paradox. There is a similar finding in studies of criminal behavior, showing that Hispanic neighborhoods, especially those mainly inhabited by immigrants, have low crime rates, at about the same level as those of whites in similar neighborhoods, but much higher than those of African American neighborhoods. This is known as the Hispanic criminological paradox. In this paper we present our new and extended research and analyses of Hispanic and non-Hispanic mortality and criminal behavior in the United States around the period of 2000-2010.

This paper is a Visualization study, Aimed to Prepare Specialists and Migration Managing Leaders for the 21st Century, by analyzing different lessons from around the world. includes a broad overview of push and pull factors determining future migration flows
It is hard, if not impossible to forecast the scale and direction of future migration, but the indications are that flows from the developing world to developed countries will increase, or at least remain constantSurprisingly little in-depth researches has been carried out to date to help decision makers in government, business and society in getting better understanding the complexities and wider consequences of this phenomena future.Decision makers need to be better informed about the factors likely to “push” emigration from developing countries, e.g. poverty, lack of employment , and civil, however, they will require a better understanding of the likely evolution of factors “pulling” migrants to developed countries, such as higher living standards, education and employment ageing , potentially significant skills shortages.This paper Visualizing the possible future context and consequences of international migration – giving a “big picture” perspective – and to assist stakeholders in their long-term strategic thinking on these issues future scenarios. as the gap

The principal objective of this study is to understand the influence of the massive in-migration of peasants on the adoption of agriculture by the nomadic population, the role of socio-economic factors and environmental conditions in this process basing on the historical data from the Northern Kazakhstan, end of XIX – early XX cc.
The main hypothesis is that the arrival of migrants had a considerable impact on the autochthone nomadic society. On the one hand it destabilized the equilibrium of the functioning of the nomadic society within the ecological zone of semi-arid steppes and rendered difficult practicing the nomadic herding; on the other hand it favoured the encounter between the nomads and the sedentaries, induced a learning process and the subsequent adoption of the new technology.
This study benefits from a unique detailed data set coming from the materials of the first statistical survey of the steppe areas of Kazakhstan.
The main funding is that the proximity to the Russian settlements matters for the agriculture adoption by the Kazakh economies, even after controlling for socio-economic and environmental factors. Even within the environment favourable for practicing agriculture, those Kazakh economies that are closer to the Russian settlements choose to specialize in agriculture.

The immigration debate in France and Netherlands, 2010-2102: scope and limits of the demographic approach
Demographers usually pretend to oppose facts to myths, science to illusion, when facing the public debates around sensitive issues such as immigration. The “fact-checking” attitude recently adopted by the media seems to comfort this classical opposition. However, the capacity of scientists to elaborate neutral and undisputed facts meets more and more scepticism. Demographers seem to enjoy no privilege at all to proclaim any scientific truth over “integration criteria”, “ethnic statistics”, “European values” challenged by Islam, not to mention the very definition of “migrants” or “migration background”.

In order to address more concretely this kind of issues, a systematic comparison will be made here of the immigration debates held in France and in the Netherlands in the years 2010-2012, with a special stress on the role played by social scientists. Three topics will be selected: the definition of “immigrés” and “allochtoon”, the “halal” or “ritual slaughter” controversy and the transmission of national “norms and values” to non-European migrants.

In this work we analyse immigrant entrepreneurship in Italy using an integrated data set of Italian Business Register (ASIA) and Archives of the Chambers of Commerce for the period of time 2007-2010. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon during the economic crisis in Italy, shedding light to the adaptation pattern that characterize migrant entrepreneurs in the Italian context, and paying particular attention to gender dimension.
The data system refers to about 6 million business people; 5% of them are born abroad. About 70% of foreign born entrepreneurs comes from extra UE countries and they are particularly represented among individual business. Immigrant men are overrepresented in the job field which were most affected by the economic crisis (constructions, industrial production, finance), while women are active mainly in the health care and social assistance sectors, which were less affected. The study confirms that the immigrant female entrepreneurs respond to clearly distinct market functions than their male counterpart and shed light on the adaptation process of immigrant entrepreneurs into the social and economic context of the host country.

Migration is an important component of population change in Malawi. Unfortunately, like in other African countries, reliable data on migration is difficult to collect. The aim of this study is to provide estimates of net internal migration for regions and districts in Malawi using indirect estimation procedure based on survival ratios. These methods have been under-utilised in demographic research in the country largely as a result of stringent assumptions. The results indicate that during the past four decades the pattern of internal migration in Malawi has changed. Northern Region has moved from being a net sender of people to a receiver whereas the opposite is true for Southern Region and Central Region has continued to experience net in-migration. There are migration differentials by districts and sex. The number of female migrants has increased. The above migration patterns resemble the nature of social and economic development in the province. One policy implication of the study is that efforts should continue being made to make the sending areas more attractive so as to reduce the inflow of people to the crowded and more affluent areas.

The market share of Thai workers in Taiwan decreased from over 90% in 1992 to 49% in 1998, and 17% in 2012. This paper examines the declining significance, as well as the factors and implications of the trend. The factors explored include: (1) demand factors; (2) supply factors; (3) intermediate factors. For both (1) and (2), changes in economic structure and demographic structure are considered. In Taiwan, the completion of major infrastructure projects and the rapid population aging are crucial elements. In Thailand, significant changes might have influenced outflows of workers in general, and outflow to Taiwan in particular. They include (a) remarkable economic growth, (b) significant inflows of population, and (c) emergence of new destinations. This paper utilizes Taiwanese statistics on stock of foreign workers and Thai data on deployment of workers. The Taiwan data suggests a market segmentation, with Thai workers always dominant in construction sector. In other words, Thai workers did not become less competitive. The paper will explore reasons for: (1) why Thai males did not go into manufacturing sector when construction industry shrank, and (2) why females did not get the aged care jobs when demand increased. Thai data reveals an expansion of destinations, but little changes in occupational structure.

The migration of African traders to Guangzhou, located in Southeastern China, started in the 1990s and has ever since been increasing. During the last years the neighbouring city of Foshan has become a second center of African migration. The aim of this contribution is to demonstrate how the dynamics and complexity of processes in and between the two cities as well as regional, national and global conditions and developments are influencing this new migration flow and how new types of urban spaces emerge as a consequence. Urban development aims, their interpretation and implementation at various levels are considered, together with the reactions, flexibility and adaption strategies of the migrants. Furthermore, this example highlights how global developments (e.g. global economic crisis 2008/2009, China’s entry to the WTO), national conditions (e.g. national immigration regulations, development strategies, hosting of major international events) and inter-urban competition and co-operation are interrelated and have diverse impacts on the migration flows. The analysis is based on a quantitative survey of 253 African migrants, four expert interviews and 14 qualitative interviews with African migrants.

Many people work and have a substantive production about the international migration in Brazil, but just a few of them have studies in the Amazon region, a place that is more and more important over time. The Amazon attracts migrants especially from the neighbor countries, but also recently from longer distances, like United States, Portugal and Japan. The aim of this paper is to describe the main flows to the Amazon, in terms of characteristics of the individuals from Peru, Bolivia and Colombia, as well as municipalities of destination and the place of residence inside the municipality, in terms of census tracts, in a proxy of spatial segregation. The place of origin will also be considered, with the migrants that came directly from their countries or had more migratory experience inside Brazil before arrive at the municipality (internal migration), and the time of residence. The idea is to analyze better the recent migration, especially those who arrived in the 2005-2010 period, comparing with the non-migrants in order to estimate also the impact of migration in the destination areas.