Demographic impacts of economic crises

Merapi is one of 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia. Mount Merapi eruption repeats every 4 years. The 2010 was the biggest eruption in the last 100 years. The first eruption was on 26 October 2010 continue its peak on 4 November 2010 with about 386 people died, 2,856 houses damaged, thousands hectares of forest and farm business heavily damaged and tens of sub villages destroyed. The affected area located at four districts Magelang, Boyolali, Klaten and Sleman with 350,000 refugees. Total value of damage and losses are Rp 3.62 Trillions (USD 402 millions), in all sectors including housing, infrastructures, productive livelihood etc.
Policy maker see the need for measure to monitor and evaluate the progress rehabilitation and recontruction activities over time.For this reason the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) supported the conduct of a longitudinal Study of Merapi in 2012. This study aimed to periodically monitor performance and progress of Rehabilitation and Recontruction activities after Merapi Eruption 2010 in the high-risk area of Merapi and provide data and recomendation for development of goverment policy and rehabilitation and recontruction after disaster focusing on disaster risk reduction. The major expected outcome of this study is the measurement of Disaster Recovery Index.This paper present the

The memory of the bombing of tourist resorts in Bali in October 2002 still leaves a scar on the well-being of families and individuals. This paper uses unique data that were specially collected to measure the impacts on individuals and households of the October 2002 bombing of Kuta Beach in Bali, Indonesia. In this paper we examine the psycho-social health impacts of the bombing. Special emphasis is placed on demographic, socio-economic characteristics of those affected and on how emotional well-being has evolved over the course of the three years after the bombing

We begin the paper with a description of the intensity of respondents’ exposure to the bombing. The next set of analyses in this paper relate direct and indirect exposure to the bombing, emotional well-being and modes of coping behaviors to the characteristics of individuals and households in order to identify the types of individuals and households that have been best and least able to mitigate the deleterious impact of the Bali bombing on emotional well-being. The charateristic included place of resident, age, gender and education.

Mental health consequences of Bali Bombing 2002 are long-lasting. PTSD symptom reported in 2003 Corelates with Mental Health Condition in 2005

In our study we employ event-history analysis to examine ethnic-specific fertility trends in Kyrgyzstan – one of the post-Soviet states in Central Asia. We estimate indices of first- and higher-order births for a period in the recent history of Kyrgyzstan that was characterized by economic and socio-political instability. We complement the fertility analysis with the analysis of first marriage. The study is based on retrospective survey data collected in 2011/12. Our results reveal profound ethnic differences in both fertility and marriage dynamics, which we interpret as an outcome of differential demographic responses to the generalized societal crisis that followed the collapse of the former USSR and post-crisis economic recovery.

Tanzania is among the countries which transitioned from a centrally planned economy to an open-market system beginning in the late 1980s. The manner by which transitions to open markets affect social equality and equity remains a contentious topic. This paper uses demographic data on population health trends in Tanzania to shed light on the issue of liberalization and social inequality. The preliminary analysis, show a differential decline in infant mortality across regions with varying degrees of contact with liberalization policy, which is measured by concentration of villagization and intensity of privatization in a given region. The continuing analysis will use census data from 1988 and 2002, which is more representative at the district-level, to test further the results and conclusions drawn from the current analysis, which is based on Demographic and health Surveys (DHS).

The World Health Organization considers that the world is experiencing a pandemic of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is one of the major health problems which accounts for great healthcare cost. Arredondo et al (2001, 2005) found an average cost range for diabetes from 613 to 887 USD. Besides, future estimates show increments between 10 and 15% in institutions. Methods: We used three National Health Surveys. These surveys are representative at a national and state level. Subjects were considered to have diagnosed diabetes if they had been previously diagnosis by a medical provider. For the estimation of expenditure we used the hospital discharges by diabetic people 65 years old and more, as well as information on budgets diabetes exercised in public health institutions. Preliminary Results: The diagnosed diabetes is increased over time. In 2000 16.9% of adults 65 + had been diagnosed six years later the proportion increased to 17.4% and is 25%. In 2000, 26.7% had five years or less with the diabetes diagnosis. The chronic complications of diabetes are: 39.5% suffering heartburn Discussion: It is recognized that diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases. These predictions must urge the Mexican health system to establish attention programs and improve diabetes care.

Unemployment is very important macroeconomic indicator. It reacts to changes of other indicators in economy. An analysis of interaction among employment and unemployment and GDP, investments and inflation is introduced in the article with a special attention to population ageing. The objective is to present relation of population structure reflecting ageing process and labor market and to prove or reject hypothesis that unemployment rate, employment rate and participation rate are related to GDP growth and their reaction is delayed by one or two quarters. In the analysis it is possible to monitor effects of economic crisis as well.
The paper presents several correlation analyses applied on both annually and quarterly distributed data in the Czech Republic. Correlation was found between proportion of seniors in the population and employment rate and participation rate. Unemployment, on the other hand, is not correlated with population structure; rather it depends on macroeconomic indicators. Relationship between unemployment rate and GDP growth rate was proved for data started in Q1/2007 and for delay of two and three quarters.

CO-AUTHORS: Jitka Langhamrova, Jana Langhamrova, Ondrej Simpach, Petra Dotlacilova

Indonesia has implemented social protection to mitigate negative impacts of the crises and reduce poverty level. In addition, social protection in Indonesia is also intended to mitigate negative impacts of economic policies. The government claimed that those programs were very effective to cope with the impacts of the crises but many critics argued that those programs would only create dependency and lack of educational values, add more burdens to the state budget, ineffective in the long term to reduce poverty and vulnerability, and politicized because of miss-targeting, miss-management, and moral hazards such as corruption and abuse. This paper will examine the role of social protection programs in Indonesia, especially their role to mitigate the negative impacts of economic crises and the implementation of economic policies, by using Indonesian data and experience to examine social and demographic changes. The aim of this paper is to provide a holistic framework so that the multiple and often conflicting demand currently placed on managing poverty and other demographic problems issues as an impact of economic crises can be assessed systematically. This framework can hopefully resolve the Indonesian poverty problems and secure the Indonesia’s economy by reducing vulnerability, inequality and poverty.

All the countries are developing at different rates & from differing historical levels of achievement. Such development with a view to meeting the socio-economic needs implies that man must use nature in the process of development. It is not that the life-style has changed altogether; the economy in the remote areas is still the same as it has been since the settlements started, but the areas enjoying accessibility to urban centres have already adopted a different character, as profoundly manifest in their day-to-day life.
The physical environment influences the type of economic activities especially so in backward areas of Darjeeling Hills. Rapid growth of population has become the most critical development constraint in Darjeeling Himalaya. Its economy is largely based on tea, agriculture & tourism, where the former has played a significant role in the development of the region since the beginning. It reveals from the study that the area under study proves to be a complicated region requiring considerable care & attention in the matter of intensive development.

Individual-level studies of the effects of economic fluctuations and political instability on migration are scarce and most focus on international migration. Implications of economic and political instability for internal migration, a massive phenomenon throughout the world, have not been well examined. Using recent nationally representative survey data from Kyrgyzstan, we look at variations in levels of internal migration and relate them to the economic and political instability in that Central Asian nation in the first decade of this century. Event-history models predicting yearly risks of migration detect no clear association of these risks with episodes of heightened political instability but show a decrease in the risks in response to the strongest economic shock of the observation period. The results also point to some instructive differences across types of area of residence, education, employment, gender, and ethnicity. These findings are interpreted within the context of complex intersections of politics, economy, and culture in this transitional post-Soviet setting.

This study examines the way in which economic hardship of North Korea has affected population dynamics since the 1990s. The effects of food shortage on vital statistics such as fertility, mortality, and migration and population structure are estimated. Data for population estimate used the North Korea’s two censuses of 1993 and 2008, sample surveys with defectors from North Korea living in South Korea and in-depth interview with several respondents.
The result highlights that the effect of North Korea’s food shortage on the population dynamics has at least lasted until 2008. Economic hardship of North Korea was not a short term or accidental shock rather it was a long term and chronic suffering, under which many people lost their life, interrupted their reproduction and escaped the country for their survival. amount of population loss due to the economic hardship was estimated to be amount to 880,000 persons between 1993 and 2008. Among this population loss, about 490,000 people were lost due to mortality increase, about 290,000 were lost due to fertility decline, and about 100,000 were lost due to exodus and its effect on fertility decline.