Education and labour force

Asian Americans youth gradually gain an academic advantage over their white peers in the years from elementary to high school. What accounts for this Asian-white divergence in academic performance over time? Using two longitudinal data sets, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) and the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS), we construct academic trajectories of Asians and whites in U.S. schools and attempt to answer this question. Our research rejects a cognitive explanation, i.e., Asians become cognitively more able than whites over time. Instead, we find substantial support for a non-cognitive explanation: Asian students gradually outperform white students because the former develop better non-cognitive skills than the latter over time. This research adds an already large literature attesting the importance of non-cognitive skills for child development as well as for human capital formation.

The number of educated unemployed increased in Indonesia every year. whereas, educated unemployed is expected quicker get the job. It is Because they have more quality than unemployment of less educated in market labour.
The research objects are to describe characteristic of socio-demographic and economic of educated unemployed and to analize socio-demographic and economic influence toward educated unemployed duration in Banten Province.
This research used the secondary data from National Survey of Labour in Indonesia year 2010 (SAKERNAS 2010). Descriptive analysis is used to describe characteristic of socio-demographic and economic of educated unemployed. Cox Regression analysis is used to analize socio-demographic and economic influence toward educated unemployed duration.
This research found that age, sex, household status, mobility status, job experiences, income group, and income status are significantly influence time of looking for jobs by educated unemployed. In the other hand, area of residence is not significantly influence time of looking for jobs by educated unemployed in Banten Province.

This paper examines the trend in gender inequality in educational attainment and non-agricultural employment in urban China since the 1990s. Based on the analyses of the micro-sample data from the 1982, 1990 and 2000 population censuses and the 2005 mini-census, we found that: (1) the gender gap in education, though still existing, has been substantially reduced; (2) the increase in women’s education in China did not lead to higher rates of labor force participation. Instead, women’s employment rate drops over time; (3) despite the fact that education increases in the likelihood of employment, this effect has declined over time for both men and women; (4) While married men are more likely to hold employment, married women are less likely to do so. The evidence suggests a return to traditional gender roles that used to be shaped by the socialist ideology on gender equality.