Poster session on Gender and population (1)

While previous research has focused on the gender division of housework, this article extends the notion of unpaid work done in households to care work. Using the National Survey of Families and Households and the American Time Use Survey, the author explores the gendered nature of both child care and care after the elderly. Literature on gender division of household work is used to as a point of departure in the analysis. In particular, the exchange-bargaining and gender performance are evaluated using relative earnings as a measure of gender deviance. As care work differs from household work because it often involves the emotional component, the possibility that care work is not as gendered as housework is also tested. Implications for gender inequality are discussed.

Domestic violence has continued throughout history unreported and unchallenged. It has profound effect on women. After marriage, the greater risk of violence for women continues to be in their home where husband and family live together. Data on this issue is hard to come by as there are very few studies done on this subject. Information on women facing different types of domestic violence was collected for the first time in the 2011 Nepal DHS. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study domestic violence among ever married women in Nepal and associated factors. The Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS), 2011 which covered 3224 ever married women, those interviewed domestic violence modules. Background characteristics such as age, working status, marital status, number of living children, residence, region, education level of women, religion and wealth index are link to three different category of violence those are less severe violence, severe violence and sexual violence. Bivariate analysis is used to examine the variation of three category of violence by background characteristics. All the three category of violence are more among aged women. Further, the analysis shows that terai region women and Muslim women were more experienced all these three violence. Key words:Nepal, severe violence, sexual violence, DHS

This paper examines the trend in gender inequality in educational attainment and non-agricultural employment in urban China since the 1990s. Based on the analyses of the micro-sample data from the 1982, 1990 and 2000 population censuses and the 2005 mini-census, we found that: (1) the gender gap in education, though still existing, has been substantially reduced; (2) the increase in women’s education in China did not lead to higher rates of labor force participation. Instead, women’s employment rate drops over time; (3) despite the fact that education increases in the likelihood of employment, this effect has declined over time for both men and women; (4) While married men are more likely to hold employment, married women are less likely to do so. The evidence suggests a return to traditional gender roles that used to be shaped by the socialist ideology on gender equality.