Poster Session on Health, mortality and longevity (2)

The present population structure of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA, in Spanish)-Argentina by age shows a relevant proportion of aging people and the consequent increase of the incidence and prevalence of cronic-degeneratives and disabling illnesses in this specific age group.
The purpose of this research is to analyses the profiles of aging people who dwell in private households in CABA-Argentina in 2011 and to examine their differences according to the presence or the absence of disabilities. This research explores these characteristics in the context of the private households in which they inhabit.
According to the bio-psycho-social conceptualization of disabilities and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the purpose is to explore the potential of analysis of the methodology applied by the Annual Survey of Households of the CABA-Argentina, proposed by the General Division of Statistics and Censuses of the City of Buenos Aires, 2011, and its Module on Disability. The Survey is a representative sampling of the total local area and those administrative and political subdivisions (Comunas, in Spanish).
The statistics results of this Survey produce new and vital information to study the specific differential profiles of aging people with and without disabilities in CABA-Argentina.

This paper investigates sex-consciousness among child desiring Indian women in context of child mortality levels on the basis of three waves of Indian national family health survey INFHS (1992-2006). All the states in NFHS-I have been classified into four mortality Zones identified by ‘under five mortality’ during 0-4 years prior to survey date. An index for measuring sex-preference based on ideal family size and its sex composition has been used to quantify the relation between sex preference and under five mortality. An analysis of Parity Progression Ratio reveals that with increase in the number of sons women are reluctant to additional children. It has been observed that intensity of preference for son in India as whole has declined over period. Though, in general, longing for ‘more sons than daughter’s quite strong among Indian women, there are some courageous women except Punjab who are positively desirous to have more daughters than sons. The study also reveal that throughout the periods from 1992-2006; urban women, women with a better education and employed women have relatively less desire of sons over daughters. Desire of having at least one son is found to be mind set-up irrespective of the socioeconomic condition of family.

Latin American has come a long a long way in reducing child mortality in during the last 60 years, decreasing, as a region, from a Q(5) [probability of dying before age 5] of 191 per thousand in 1950 to 31 per thousand nowadays, according to the latest estimations by CELADE-ECLAC. However, there is evidence of unequal decrease among countries.
As well as differences observed in the decrease rhythm among countries, there are significant differences within countries by regions or by socioeconomic conditions. In this paper, the researchers use census microdata from two Latin American countries (Mexico and Brazil), from the 1980, 1990 and 2000 census rounds, with the aim of estimating a model describing the gap trend in Q(5) by years of study of the mother. Using the estimated model, projections are made for gaps up to the latest census (2010 round) and achievements are evaluated, in terms of gap reduction, establishing whether the rhythm followed the expected trend, whether the rhythm was faster or whether a stalling is observed. Inferences can be made on the gaps evolution comparing population groups, as well as the validity of the variable used to measure more or less vulnerable groups regarding child mortality.

In the light of growing share of neonatal mortality in Under-5 mortality in recent decades in India, this study attempted to examine the individual, household, and community level factors affecting neonatal mortality in rural India. We analysed information on singleton live births from District Level Household Survey conducted in 2007-08. Multilevel modeling with MCMC procedure was used to examine the factors. The odds of neonatal death significantly decreased with increasing proportion of rich households in the village. Parental education, caste, and employment of the mother were found significant. The odds of death decreased if the households had access to improved sanitation, pucca house and electricity. The odds of death were higher for babies born in a health facility, male neonates, and neonates whose mothers experienced delivery complications. Neonates whose mothers received two tetanus toxoid injections were less likely to die in the neonatal period. Ensuring the consumption of an adequate quantity of tenatnus toxoid (TT) injections, targeting vulnerable groups like young and SC mothers, and improving the overall household environment by increasing access to improved toilets, electricity, and pucca houses could also contribute to further reductions in neonatal mortality in rural India.

China’s life expectancy at birth is in debate, and the 2010 census data may exaggerate the figure and the increase pace in it. In this paper, with an extension of Lee-Carter method for limited data, we use China’s 1982, 1990 and 2000 census to forecast mortality pattern and life expectancy for 2000 to 2030 period. We find that the annual gain in life expectancy from 2000 to 2030 is 0.18 years for males, and 0.23 years for females, and the infant mortality rate will decline to 10.39‰ in 2030 for males, and to 20.32‰ for females.

The objective of this study is twofold, firstly, to estimate the prevalence of multiple disabilities among the older population in India; secondly, to examine the socioeconomic determinants of multiple disabilities among the older population. This study used the India Human Development Survey Data (IHDS) for the analysis. Bivariate, Multinomial Logit Regression and Multiple Classification Analysis are used as methods of analyses. Disability score is constructed for measuring the multiple disabilities among the older population. The results of disability prevalence show, a high prevalence of multiple disabilities among the older population in India. Further, disability prevalence varies considerably by age and socio-economic characteristics of the older population. Among all the socioeconomic factors, economic factor emerged as a dominant predictor of prevalence of multiple disabilities among the older population in India. The findings of the dimension specific assessment reveal that the disability in walking is the highest among all the disabilities.

This study was examined the relationship between gender, region, year and mortality rates of malignant neoplasm, heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases. Data were collected from Ministry of Public Health in 2002-2009. Variables were gender, region, year and mortality rate. Results showed people living in Bangkok were the highest mortality rates of malignant neoplasm, heart disease, hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases when compared with other regions. People living in the South were the lowest mortality rates of malignant neoplasm as well as the lowest mortality rates of heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases in the Northeast. Multiple regression analysis found gender, region, and year were statistical significance (p<0.05). People living in Bangkok were more likely to have mortality rates of malignant neoplasm, heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases than other regions. Female was less likely to have mortality rates of malignant neoplasm, heart disease, hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases than male. The study dramatically showed about mortality differences in gender and region. Future research should strengthen risk factors mortality differences in each region, especially lifestyle, risk behavior and culture.

In this paper we focus on elderly disability in China using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) national baseline, which was fielded in 2011/12 and defines disability by international standard ADLs and IADLs questions and contains detailed care-giving and family information. We estimate the magnitude of disability among older Chinese and examine resources available for their care, the current pattern of care, and job division between children. Such research has not been possible before due to data limitations. We find that 23% of those 60 and older are disabled and need care; this amounts to about 40 million nationwide. However, only 86% received care. In addition, whether or not care is provided for the disabled elderly is significantly related to the wellbeing of them. Furthermore, spouse is the largest source of care giver, especially for men, followed by children. Finally, in accordance with the Chinese tradition, sons are the dominant care-giver but daughters are increasingly important.

In Mexico, given the high mortality ratio, maternal deaths are notified and analyzed carefully every year by the Ministry of Health (MoH) who has developed tools aiming to provide recommendations for the health systems.
We analyzed the national 2010 abortion related mortality files. We used the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) that includes all pregnancies with abortive outcome under codes O00- O06. Overall, abortion related mortality accounted for 7.2% of Maternal Mortality (MM) during 1990-2008. During 2010, 9.27% of maternal deaths were due to abortion. Almost 75% of these deaths were in women 15-34 years old, younger than other causes; 26% were single compared with 15% for other causes. 90% of women received health care before the death.
Quality of the information of abortion cases was poorer than other MM causes; regularly a MM case includes 11 elements for the comprehensive analysis into their file. In the case of abortion deaths, only 66% of the files had verbal autopsies, and only 23% necropsy reports.
Despite the interest in MM, first trimester deaths are not being adequately addressed in the current framework. Abortion related deaths enquiries demand a renovated effort from the health information systems, to provide more adequate data and help guide recommendations.