The Body Mass-Mortality Association in the United States: A Reassessment of Secular Trends

Abstract
Three recent studies, all using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), reached three different conclusions regarding the changing association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in the US. This paper used the NHANES I and NHANES III data to examine mortality differences across BMI categories. The purpose is 1) to replicate previous analyses and reconcile discrepant findings in existing research and 2) to focus attention on variations across time periods and birth cohorts as well as variations across socio-demographic sub-populations. Preliminary results show that male and female BMI-related mortality differences are fairly similar in 1971-87, but diverge substantially afterwards. Relative to the normal-weight, mortality for almost all overweight and obese categories increases from 1971-87 to 1988-2006 among women. Relative mortality decreases over time among older men, but the decrease is substantial and significant for the class I obese only. These results caution against sweeping statements about BMI and mortality, and deserve the attention of those interested in the underlying mechanisms of the association and its implications for mortality trends.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
53 356
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

Four Decades of Educational Differences in Overweight and Obesity in the United States: Period and Cohort Patterns

Abstract
Both body weight and educational attainment have risen dramatically. In most industrialized populations, more educated people are less heavy than the less educated, and these differences may have changed over time in some populations. Using the cross-sectional series of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, this paper describes the period and cohort patterns of educational differences in overweight and obesity among non-Hispanic whites and blacks in the United States from 1971 to 2010. As period and cohort factors captures influences at different stages of the life course, their comparison would help to better understand the link between education and body weight.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
53 356
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

Effects of genetic architecture and occupation on cognitive functioning

Abstract
Low levels of cognitive ability among older adults have been linked to poorer physical, mental, and social health. Current knowledge on the underlying interplay between genetic and environmental factors on the changes of cognitive functioning among older adults is limited. With the exponential growth of the aging population in the world, understanding the genetic, social, and behavioral processes behind observed individual differences in cognitive function is extremely timely and will provide valuable information for both the scientific community and health related fields. In this study, we will investigate the interactive role of genetic architecture and labor force participation on the trajectory of cognitive decline among older adults. We will test the environmental complexity hypothesis which posits the link between the level of complexity of occupation and cognitive function conditional on genetic architecture. To address methodological limitations in previous studies of gene-environment interaction, we will develop new methods that incorporate genetic architecture including gene, epistasis, and its interaction with environment together. Besides its scientific contributions, furthermore this research will also aid healthcare policymakers in designing new interventions, which in turn will provide better healthcare
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
53 553
Language (Translated)
fr
Title (Translated)
Effets de l'architecture génétique et de la profession sur le fonctionnement cognitif
Abstract (Translated)
Les faibles niveaux des capacités cognitives chez certains jeunes adultes ont été associés à la santé physique, mentale et sociale. Les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions sous-jacentes entre facteurs génétiques et facteurs environnementaux et les modifications du fonctionnement cognitif chez les jeunes adultes sont limitées. Face à la croissance exponentielle de la population âgée dans le monde, la compréhension des processus génétiques, sociaux et comportementaux à l'origine des différences individuelles en termes de fonction cognitive est plus que jamais d'actualité et permettra d'apporter des informations précieuses aux scientifiques comme aux acteurs de la santé. Dans cette étude, nous examinerons le rôle interactif de l'architecture génétique et de l'emploi sur la trajectoire du déclin cognitif chez les adultes âgés. Nous testerons l'hypothèse de la complexité environnementale qui suppose un lien entre le niveau de complexité de la profession exercée et la fonction cognitive tributaire de l'architecture génétique. Pour pallier les limites méthodologiques des études antérieures de l'interaction gène - environnement, nous mettrons au point de nouvelles méthodes permettant de prendre en compte l'architecture génétique, y compris les gènes, l'épistasie, ainsi que son interaction avec l'environnement. Au-delà de ses contributions scientifiques, cette recherche permettra d'aider les décideurs de la santé à concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs, qui permettront à leur tour d'offrir de meilleurs soins de santé.
Status (Translated)
2
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

The effect of antibiotic therapy on neonatal morbidity and mortality in multiple births

Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) remains a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of the earliest preterm birth may be affected by bacterial intaurine infections but also still remain not fully elucidated. In high-income countries, it is standard practice to give antibiotics to women with pre-term, pre-labour rupture of membranes (pPROM) to delay birth and reduce the risk of infection. Contradictory findings in efficiency of therapeutic effects on antibiotic therapy will be provided by preliminary therapeutic studies. Multiple births are rarely being subjects of clinical and biodemographic studies. The main purpose of our retrospective study is to analyze the biodemographic mechanism of antibiotic therapy on neonatal vital health outcomes in multiple births with clinical birth registry data from a German University Hospital, collected in between 2006-2011. The data set with more over 581 multiple birth outcomes also provide individual and completely documented biodemographic information on the mothers and infants.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
53 698
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY ONSET OF MENOPAUSE AMONG URBAN WOMEN WITH BMI MORE THEN 30%

Abstract
Whether natural or iatrogenic, the menopause is associated with a symptom complex, arising because of hormonal deficiency. The onset of menopause among Indian women has also been reported in early ages to the women having tendency of obesity and the onset starts at the early age of 25years. Mean age at menopause in Indian women ranges from 40.32 to 48.84years. The socio-cultural and psychological factors contribute further in its manifestations: Vasomotor symptoms; Atrophic tissue symptoms; Psychological symptoms; and other manifestations such as Hypertension, Ischemic heart disease, Osteoporosis.
The present observational, cross sectional study was carried out in urban women having (controlled sample) The Body Mass Index 30% or more (Moderately obese to Severely obese). The sample size of 1170 has been selected from amongst the school, college and university teachers, office goers and bankers. The sample population (N=1170) has shown various symptoms of menopause from natural to induced. Data has been analysed using SPSS 16.0 for windows. For qualitative variable mean and Standard deviation was calculated. Statistical significance between the three age groups was assessed by the use of one way ANOVA.
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Event ID
17
Paper presenter
53 657
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

The Causal Relationship between Consanguineous Marriages and Infant Mortality in Turkey

Abstract
Turkey is one of the countries distinguished with high level of infant mortalities and consanguineous marriages. According to the results of TDHS-2008, the infant mortality rate is 17 per thousand, and 24 percent of women has a consanguineous marriage. The aim of this study is to analyze the causal relationship between the consanguineous marriages and infant mortality in Turkey. To accomplish this goal, contrary to the previous studies using just one data set, four data sets of demographic surveys conducted by HUIPS were used by merging all of them. In the study, the survival analysis method was used to understand the impact of consanguienous marriages on infant mortality by controlling all possible variables. The results of the desriptive analysis reveals that infant mortality rate in consanguineous marriages is 34 percent higher than that of non-consanguienous marriages. Results of multivarite analysis are compatible with this finding, as well. The risk of infant mortality is two times higher among women with first-degree consanguineous marriages compared to women with non-consanguienous marriages. Results of this study will be helpful in determining the policy instruments to reduce infant mortality and will set an example for other countries having higher consanguineous marriages and infant mortality.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
48 913
Type of Submissions
Regular session only
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1

The Impact of Smoking And Other Non-Biological Factors on Sex Differences in Life Expectancy: An International Comparison

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate more deeply the role of smoking for sex differences in life expectancy in comparison to other non-biological factors. Based on the findings of previous studies we expect that populations differ mainly with respect to the time location inside the smoking epidemic model and the absolute number of years smoking contributes to the sex gap. To test these hypotheses we decompose the sex differences between 1955 and 2009 into fractions caused by biological factors (estimated on the basis of differences in life expectancy between female and male Catholic order members), smoking, and other non-biological factors for 53 industrialized countries. We find that smoking can indeed be seen as the main driver of the trend in sex differences in life expectancy for most populations, giving further support to the importance of the smoking epidemic model. However, our results reveal that the common view that smoking is also responsible for most of the sex difference itself does not hold in general. There are almost as many populations with a higher contribution of other non-biological factors as populations in which smoking is the main factor behind the sex gap.
confirm funding
Event ID
17
Paper presenter
48 901
Type of Submissions
Regular session presentation, if not selected I agree to present my paper as a poster
Language of Presentation
English
Weight in Programme
1 000
Status in Programme
1