Immigrant integration and settlement

Summary:

This paper aims to analyze in depth the characteristics of the recent immigration in Uruguay in socio-demographic terms and the level and processes of socioeconomic integration of these immigrants.

The socioeconomic integration of recent immigrants to the Uruguayan society is analyzed through the study of their economic and educational participation, the access to public services and their location within the territory. With this purpose, a set of integration indicators were created in an attempt to show the following dimensions: a) Access to health, b) Access to education, c) Access to labor market, d) Access to housing, e) Spatial distribution and f) Type of family arrangement. Indicators are disaggregated by gender, regions of origin and age structure.
Likewise, the social integration of recent immigrants is addressed from a qualitative perspective, with the purpose to understand this process from the point of view of these individuals.

The methodological approach used was the “combined methods” design. The source of quantitative data was the 2011 Population Census. For the qualitative analysis information from in depth interviews to recent immigrants were used.

Keywords: immigration / integration / demography

We provide the first attempt in France to evaluate the Immigrant Assimilation Hypothesis. This latter predicts the convergence of immigrants’ wages since arrival towards those of natives. Coupling the only two national specific surveys on immigrants, our pseudo-panel methodology nets out the cohort and period effects. Three country-specific profiles stand out: (1) for Sub-Saharan and North African immigrants, the recent highly-educated arrival cohorts record higher earnings convergence rate but witnessed at entry higher earnings disadvantage and worse labor market conditions compared to their less-educated earlier cohorts, thus making the occurrence of the earnings crossover with natives unlikely; (2) conversely, the Turkish and South-East Asian group improves its relative earnings position across successive cohorts of arrival via a reduction in the entry earnings gap, shortening considerably the duration before the catch-up earnings ; (3) the group of Portugal is by far the less skilled group but the most successful: all successive cohorts manage to reach earnings parity more and more precociously and, better still, overtake native earnings. The negative relationship emerging between economic successfulness and skill level suggests, with the immigrants low return to education, the existence of an education-to-job mismatch.

This paper is about integration during 1999-2008 of the members of six largest Danish, Norwegian and Swedish foreign-origin population groups having roots in the developing world. The groups comprise immigrants born in Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, Turkey and Vietnam and their children born in the respective Scandinavian countries. The integration of the two generations is looked at through the prism of inactivity, defined as absence from education, the labour market or both. Inactivity is measured using a novel synthetic indicator which is free of age-structure effects and captures inactivity of persons of a given age interval and sex at a specific date. Observations on inactivity were derived for the immigrants, descendants and the natives using information extracted from the population, employment and education registers. The rule of thumb used to judge integration is the following. If the inactivity indicator of the immigrants or descendants exceeds that of the natives, the former are judge partially integrated; otherwise, they are deemed fully integrated. The results reveal great variations over time, age, sex and groups within the host countries. These variations are analysed and conclusions are drawn.

Most studies of the link between migrants’ legal status and their integration into destination societies conceptualize legal status as a dichotomy and focus on economic outcomes such as employment and wages. This paper will broaden the investigation to include multiple legal domains and multiple indicators of economic integration across multiple contexts of reception. Using data from the MAFE-Senegal project, this study will include time-varying indicators of legal status in the domains of work and residence to predict employment, occupational prestige, and subjective assessments of both absolute and relative economic well-being. Preliminary results indicate that legal authorization to work and reside at destination are significantly associated with all four outcomes, but that these associations vary by context of reception. Not having a work permit is associated with lower probabilities of employment in Spain and Italy, while not having a residence permit is associated with higher probabilities of employment in all three destinations.

The transformative nature of migration on families, and in particular, on couples, is well-documented. During the post-migration period, couples re-negotiate household responsibilities within a cultural and structural context. In this paper, we focus on the effect of migration on the gendered nature of domestic labour examining changes in four areas (chores, finances, maintenance and childcare). Our sample includes transnational and intact migrant Korean couples using data from the Toronto Korean Families Study – 2011 Survey. Preliminary results show that prior to migration, couples were similar in the allocation of household responsibilities. However, after migration there were significant differences between the two types of couples with intact migrant couples following a less gendered form of household organization.

This study aims to examine the effect of national identity on the acceptance of foreign immigrants as citizens among Koreans. According to the existing literature, Koreans tend to hesitate to accept foreign immigrants as Korean citizens while accepting them as friends or co-workers. Although there has been a lot of interest in social distance among different ethnic groups, there are few studies examining why Koreans are so much committed to the meaning of being “citizen”. This paper focuses on the role of national identity in explaining Koreans’ hesitation to accept foreign immigrants as citizen. Since Korean hold strong national identity such as ethnic identity and national pride, they are less likely to accept other ethnic groups as the same member of nation. This paper argues that exclusive attitudes toward other ethnic groups can be understood if we examine the role of national identity.
Analyzing the 2010 Korean General Social Survey, this study examines the effect of national identity on acceptance of other ethnic groups as citizen. The results show that ethnic identity has the strongest impact on the acceptance of other ethnic groups as citizen.

The role of social interaction is crucial in the process of assimilation. It is through social contacts and the climate created by the possibility of such contacts that people develop a sense of belonging in a particular social space. Therefore in this paper attempt has been made to highlight the scenario which affecting the assimilation process of Chakma refugees into the local host society of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Chakma people have been living since 1964 in Arunachal Pradesh, after their livelihood became threat in Bangladesh, because of ethnic clash and submergence of their land due to the construction of Kaptai Dam. This Study is based on primary as well as secondary sources. Study has been categorized into different broad domains; ethnic relation and assimilation, companionship and assimilation and Role of government and local people. Chakma refugees are facing numerous challenges as they struggle to assimilate into indigenous societies while trying to retain their ethnic identity and culture. Even after almost fifty years of their stay in Arunachal Pradesh the process of their assimilation into host society is very slow.

This paper intends to gain a better understanding of why migrants remit, what characteristics they have, which of these characteristics influence (and in what sense) their remittance behaviours, and how their behaviours evolve with the passage of time since migration. In particular, we aim to test the so-called “remittance decay hypothesis”, according to which the eventual integration of migrants in the country of destination and the gradual loosening of ties with the country of origin would lead to a progressive reduction in their need and desire to remit. In practice, the evolution of the migration project towards stabilisation in the host country, rather than return, would make migrants more prone to invest socially and economically in the country of destination, while reducing their emotional and economic commitment to the family left behind. The analysis is based on data from the 2009 “Italian Statistics on Income and Living Conditions of Households with Foreigners”, covering over 6,000 households with at least one foreign member. This survey provides detailed information on foreigners’ characteristics, including reason to move to Italy and return plans, and allows us also to consider their family composition both in Italy and in the country of origin.

Literature on international migration tends to focus on the impact of immigration to the host societies or the countries of origin. Rarely have studies focused on the migration process and contrast the effects of different destinations, because of the difficulty obtaining comparable data and controlling the effects of origin. This study uses mixed-methods to contrast the experiences of VMMs who migrated to Taiwan and Korea for similar reasons and share similar sociodemographic backgrounds. Fifty-four interviews, 4 focus groups, and small-small survey (N=403) were collected during 10-month field research in Taiwan and Korea in both rural and urban settings. Wellbeing measures include quality of life, stress, and discrimination. First, I demonstrate how globalization, regional economic development, and demographic shifts have generated feminized migration flows into East Asia. Further, I argue that 4 crucial factors determine VMMs’ process of social exclusion/inclusion in Taiwan and Korea: ideologies of national belonging, ethnic hierarchies, labor market structure, and national integration policies. By untangling the effects of origin and destinations, this study suggests that policy adjustments can result in sustainable co-development for both the sending and receiving societies and improve immigrant integration and wellbeing.

The notion of uniting Indonesian diaspora around the world has recently been declared in the Congress of Indonesian Diaspora held by Indonesian embassy in USA in 2012. It has been initiated in order to assist the national development. As a result, it is important to have sufficient knowledge about the global Indonesian diaspora. Nevertheless, there is still little known about it specifically in terms of its actual sizes and compositions, including in the context of Australia. This paper attempts to contribute to fill in this gap by analysing migration patterns and several specific demographic factors among Indonesian community in Australia as part of the largest integrated Asian community in this country. Hypotheses on selection, adaptation, disruption, and socialization effects are utilized in the analysis. The study will explore two different data sources, Australian census and Indonesian embassy registration data.