Immigrant integration and settlement

Intermarriage is an important indicator of assimilation and identification and may be considered a force of integration. We use data from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey to examine intermarriage among Arab Americans and provide limited comparisons with our earlier findings based on 1990 census data. The topic is of special interest given the impact of the events of 9/11 for this population. The strong socioeconomic position of U.S.-born and foreign-born Arabs would lead us to hypothesize that, in accordance with the basic assimilation hypothesis, Arab Americans are likely to out-marry at high rates. We examine in- and out-marriage rates for Arab men and women by socio-economic characteristics, and employ logistic regression to analyze the influences of acculturation (including place of birth, partial Arab ancestry, and English language proficiency), structural assimilation (education, income and occupational skill level) and cultural assimilation (ethnicity/major ancestry group) on the likelihood of out-marriage. Provisional findings show that Arab Americans continue to have high intermarriage rates and that men and the native-born are more likely to outmarry. The implications of Arab intermarriage are discussed, especially for the ethnic identity of children of such couples.

This study will address various aspects in migrant background, cultural propensity, and community sense of the married immigrant women in Korean rural society. Also using indicator such as fertility rate, median age, productive population, and willingness-to-pay(WTP) of multicultural expense for sustainable rural society, this study calculates the effect caused by influx of Women immigrating from Asia to Korean rural for Marriage. To calculate the WTP index the Contingent Valuation Method is used.

In this article we draw on insights from traditions of migration, political integration, and assimilation or adaptation in order to make sense of recent historical encounters of two peoples - the Chinese peoples from British Colonial Hong Kong and from the Peoples Republic of China. We discuss both their integration and the possible re-stratification based on a new ethnic enclave. Using Hong Kong Census Data 1991,1996, 2001 & 2006, our analysis offers a mixed message regarding the assimilation of the mainland Chinese in Hong Kong. On the one hand, two important indicators of social integration – place of residence and language – show that new arrivals from the Mainland are well-integrated into Hong Kong. Marriages were also increasingly exogamous from 1991 to 2006. On the other hand, there are persistent gaps in the incomes of mainland-born and Hong Kong native workers, driven in part by lower returns to years of schooling among workers born on the mainland. Further, those born on the mainland were unlikely to have accessed postsecondary education, and this disadvantage increased over the years. We conclude that new arrivals to Hong Kong are socially integrated but economically disadvantaged and lack educational opportunities.

As many industrialised countries will be affected in the next decades by the consequences of demographic change, governments increasingly tap into the source of immigrants as a chance to meet their labour market needs. Also Germany has started to reform its immigration and integration regime over the past decade. However, little information exists on the impact of changing opportunity structures on the labour market integration of newcomers. Traditionally, the issue of how immigrants fare in their host countries has been studied either from an intergenerational perspective – comparing different generations of immigrants – or from an individual perspective – analysing trajectories and sequences of migrants’ labour market integration. Studies concentrating on the trend of labour market integration, instead, are largely missing. Based on micro-census data from 1996-2010, the paper, for the first time, analyses how recent institutional changes of Germany’s immigration and integration regime have affected the performance of newcomers. Besides established human and social capital theories it therefore integrates institutional variables by separating two groups of new immigrants – nationals from other EU member states and third country nationals – whose access to the labour market has been affected largely by recent policy reforms.

Segregation literature typically assumes that the urban districts with a high share of immigrant population are the most deprived areas in cities from where some people escape and where others are trapped. In our study, we analyse the residential preferences among the host (Estonian) and minority (Russian-speaking) population in Tartu, a medium-sized post-Soviet city, by comparing the revealed preferences of two major ethnic groups to classical minority and majority segregation models (spatial assimilation, ethnic enclave, white-avoidance explanations). We use the data of a regular municipal surveys from 1998 and 2008 and apply bivariate probit models to demonstrate how the attitudes towards the ethnicity and wealth of potential neighbors form preferences. Most importantly, the results demonstrate that although the residential preferences towards ethnicity and socioeconomic status are interrelated decisions, both choice components also occur independently. People with higher social status among both groups prefer affluent neighborhoods irrespective of ethnic environment. However, irrespective of how wealthy the neighbors are, the Estonian host population has a strong tendency to avoid living together with minorities, whereas minorities, highly segregated in the Soviet period, express readiness for spatial assimilation today.

Abstract
Introduction
Though the West African protocol on the free movement of persons is active and operational, countries within the sub region still grapple with huge numbers of undocumented migrants. One of such countries is Ghana.
Problem
This study therefore sought to examine the characteristics of immigrants, identify the countries of origin, the motivation for coming to the central region, the nature of their activities in the central region and their integration strategies in the central region of Ghana.
Methods
The research was conducted using answered sets of questionnaire. Some in-depth interviews were also conducted. In all 150 immigrants were covered in the research by means of convenience and snowball sampling techniques.
Findings
They came to Ghana and the central region because the country is peaceful. These were usually young and active men. Their major economic activity was scrap dealers.
Recommendation
There should be a process to identify and document these migrants to enable them pay taxes and also provide essential services.