Poster Session on Gender and population (2)

The objective of this study is to explore the attitudes of Qatari men and women towards wife beating for transgression of gender norms. Data for this study came from the 2012 Qatar Omnibus Survey, a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 788 Qatari men and women aged 18 and above. This survey was conducted by the Social and Economic Survey Research Institute of Qatar University. Men and women were asked if they found wife beating justifiable under different scenarios of gender norm transgressions, such as leaving the house without husband’s permission or disrespecting in-laws. We evaluated these attitudes by key demographic factors. Overall, the level of acceptance of wife beating among Qataris is medium compared to other countries in the region. As expected, women were less likely to support wife beating compared to men, and university-educated women were more likely to oppose wife beating. Showing disrespect for husband was the most agreed common reason for both men and women to justify wife beating

Whereas partnered men seem to gain economically from moving to a new place, partnered women seem to loose from it. Common attempts to explain this male dominance include gender differences in bargaining power and traditional gender roles. In this study, I am interested in the importance of the different occupations women and men hold. Female dominated occupations might have a secondary migration status and it has been argued that this is why women do not gain from migration. I test this hypothesis using Swedish population data, 1997-2007, including all individuals who are employed and have at least one common child with their partner. I follow their income development up until 5 years after migration is measured. Preliminary results reveal better income development for moving couples compared to staying couples. There is no individual gain for women, only for men. The woman’s share of the couple income increases faster for moving then for non-moving couples. However, even 5 years after the potential move, women in moving couples contribute to a lower share of the total couple income compared to women in staying couples. Next steps include doing OLS regressions for examining how the pattern changes when adjusting for gender differences in occupational characteristics.

La lutte contre la pratique des Mutilations Génitales Féminines (MGF)/de l’excision au Mali peine à atteindre les résultats satisfaisants à cause des survivances en rapport avec les coutumes locales ou la religion. Les MGF constituent une violation de l’intégrité corporelle et psychosexuelle des filles et sont contraires à l’égalité des sexes qui est le troisième Objectif du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD). Au Mali, cette pratique est toujours d’actualité. Les analyses des dernières EDS (EDSM-IV, 2006) montrent ainsi que cette pratique se rencontre partout mais avec une légère prépondérance en milieu rural (urbain 81% et rural 87%).Un fait remarquable toutefois est que l’on note un début de diminution au cours des années récentes, notamment une baisse de 92% de femmes excisées en 2001 contre 85% en 2006 (EDS 2001 ; 2006), ce qui suggère un déclin remarquable parmi les adolescentes et les jeunes adultes. D’où, l’interrogation de savoir dans quelle mesure le changement intervenu dans la pratique des MGF reflète des effets de composition ou des effets de performance ? En d’autres termes, quelles sont les grandes causes dans le changement de la pratique des MGF au Mali? L'analyse explicative nous révèle que, c'est l’effet de performance de base qui explique plus le changement observé dans la pratique des MGF.

Our work is focused on the intention of migration of unemployed persons, women and men. The main objective is to study how gender relations influences the intention of migration of unemployed persons, in order to better understand the migratory patterns of men and women, in Tunisia. By analyzing the macro and the micro conditions of men and women, in particular the economic context, we will try to explain the influence of gender relations on the intention of migration (have the intention to migrate or not if there is a job opportunity). We will try through our work to see who have intention to migrate? And, how the socio-economic regional context influences the intention of migration of women and men in Tunisia? We use the data from the national Survey of Population and Employment realized in 2005 and in 2010. The surveys contain information about the individual characteristics of the unemployed person and of their households. And we can also have other macro-information about the regional context. Our analysis is based on a spatial and a comparative approach between men and women according to the different socio-economic factors. We developed a descriptive and a multivariate analysis based on logistic regression.

The structure of China’s economy and labor market has undergone dramatic changes in the last 30 years, moving from state-centered organization towards marketization. The principles governing employment and gender relations likewise changed. State sector employment remains more secure than the more lucrative market sector, yet market sector jobs do not typically offer wages high enough to support a family on a single income. In order to minimize the risk associated with market sector work while reaping the economic benefits, scholars noted the emergence of a two-system adaptation in which one spouse (typically the wife) retains employment in the state sector with the benefits it entails, while the other ventures into the market. However their findings have been limited to small, non-representative samples. We bring a dataset representative of the Shanghai population to bear on the question of whether or not spouses are specializing in state and market work. We follow changes in couples’ ownership sector of employment and ask if wives are more likely to retain state sector jobs (or be laid off) while their husbands seek market sector work.

In 2000, the number of floating population was 3.5 million, and the number reached to 9.6 million in 2012, accounting for 40% of the permanent residents in Shanghai. According to China’s censuses in 2010 and 2000, the increase of the number of female floating population was as quick as that of males within the ten years. Now, females are playing increasingly important role in migration stream due to expanded employment opportunities, however, the status of female floating population, especially the income, was lower than their counterparts. This paper explores gender difference in income of floating people in Shanghai.

Data used is from the updated dynamic monitoring survey of the floating population in Shanghai, conducted in May, 2012, which examined the living and development conditions of 14993 floating people at the age of 15 to 59 and 44675 their family members. The interest of this study lies in gender based income difference. We check whether there is income difference between males and females, by using multiple linear regressioncontrolling for potential confounders (age, occupation, education). Then, the comparison of income difference in gender perspective is conducted both before and after floating experience of floating people.

The main objective of this article is to contribute to the discussion of the incorporation of gender studies to population studies. Therefore, it becomes a major demographic variables - migration - intersection that may seek to deepen interdisciplinary studies, seeking to overcome theoretical and methodological challenges through the recent advances both in gender studies, as migration. We seek to discuss international migration in theoretical and methodological framework of gender studies. Thus, the question "how articulate the migration of women and their conditions and what kind of impacts and specificities are observed in this phenomenon?" becomes central.

The recent two important economic crises in Korea have transformed the state ranging from its political economy to socio-demographic dimensions. In midst of societal shifts, women and their socio-economic spheres have been notably changed, and accordingly housing careers are distinctive. This study is to focus on the changing nature of Korean women’s socio-demographic profile over the economic crises and to examine their changing housing careers. The findings can be summarized as follows 1) the number of women who are old, single, female-headed or highly educated has strikingly increased: 2) high educational attainment of women fosters economic participation, delays marriage and motherhood, and lowers child births: 3) women’s college enrolment rate grows while the increase rate of women’s participation in labour market remains marginal: 4) aging and poverty are feminized; and 5) gender inequality in pay and employment are prevalent. With the socio-demographic change, the socio-economic position in housing market is vulnerable and housing careers become diverse. These results suggest that socio-economic opportunities of women be expanded and more women-friendly housing policies be taken to enable them to have an equal access to housing resources and to attain a fair opportunity for housing wealth accumulation.

The proportion of female migrants working in manufacture is higher than male migrants in the city of Batam. This study investigates whether this phenomenon implies better equality in labor market or whether it still has gender-biased conditions. Using the 2010 Census, three indicators used to assess gender bias: marital status and living arrangement, the percentage of under-five and the percentage of adults. Female migrants with higher probability to work in manufacture are the ones who are not married while male migrants with higher probability to work in manufacture are the ones who are married. The percentage of under-five is negatively related with female migrants’ probability to work in manufacture while positively related with male migrants’ probability to work in manufacture. The percentage of adults positively affect the probability to work for both male and female migrants, but for female migrants the effect is much steeper. These findings indicate that the opportunity of womens’ time may be still highly connected with household production much more than of men’s. Thus, female migrants may be more likely to work in manufacture than male migrants, but under certain gender bias conditions, their probabilities to work in manufacture may be declining.