Poster Session on Health, mortality and longevity (4)

The level of nutrition of women is associated with a set of factors like socio-cultural, and economic. The status in the family and in the society and decision making autonomy of women contribute to overall health outcomes on themselves and also on the children. The result focused whether any significant relationship exits between decision making autonomy and level of nutrition in the Dhaka district where level of urbanization is about 92 percent.
Decision making autonomy is an important component of women’s empowerment. The proportion of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) women reduce as women participated more decisions in the family relating to health, major events etc. Not only the level of malnutrition decreases along with autonomy, but also the proportion of obesity (BMI>=25) reduces. These two categories of women (CED, Obese) are more vulnerable for maternal morbidity and mortality.
The logistic regression (multivariate) analyses show that likelihood to have CED is lower in higher level of decision making autonomy i.e. women with higher autonomy have lower chance to have chronic energy deficiency and vise-versa.
The findings demonstrated that wider decision making made by women in the family enabled them to improve their nutritional level (low malnutrition and reduce obesity).

China’s excess of males, as a consequence of skewed sex ratio at birth for more than 30 years, has attracted much attention on the scale of marriage squeeze and the socioeconomic impact of the forced unmarried males, but studies on the death of unmarried males are underdeveloped due to the limitation of data. In this paper, we firstly develop life tables of the unmarried males and nuptiality tables of males in China. In addition, the mortality and life expectancy of the unmarried males and married males, unmarried males across education levels and health difference for the elderly by marriage status are compared. Secondly, we simulate a projection model to evaluate the influence of the relatively high mortality of unmarried males on the prediction of excess males in 21th century of China. We find that an overestimation of at least 16% to the number of unmarried males aged more than 50 could be generated if the excess mortality of the unmarried to the mortality of overall males not accounted. Finally, we pay special attention to the current social security system on the unmarried male elderly and the paper’s findings suggest a need to relax the age restriction and expand the coverage of social security programs to the unmarried males, especially in rural areas.

Human and his health are affected by various environmental factors that establish human's environment.The effective environmental factors on human's health are descriptive and observable by spatial models and also it is possible to study to how they affect on human's health, understanding mutual reaction between these factors. Both of data from satellite and geographical information system are modern implements that are very powerful to show characteristics of natural environment and also to consider such diseases as Aleppo boil.The number of calculated infected cases to Aleppo boil in the world is thought to be 12 million people and 35 million are facing the danger of getting infected. The main aim is to analysis spatiality of relation between herbal coverage and Aleppo boil in hot and dry regions, by using Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing.
The final aims of this paper are: (a) Recognizing of the high risk regions exposed to Aleppo boil disease.(b) Using some of the advanced techniques of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing and making political recommendations for monitoring Aleppo boil disease and policy debate for upcoming health challenges in the World.

The research focused on 50 deceased Nigerian women of low socioeconomic status in different locations of the country with some common characteristics. Primary data were generated mainly through verbal autopsy with widowers employing In-depth Interviews (IDIs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). In addition, unobtrusive observation was carried out in these locations to ascertain in some instances the distance between the deceased homes and the health facilities patronised for antenatal, delivery and/or postnatal care. Secondary data were specific to death certificates issued by some of the facilities. Both ethnographic summaries and content analysis were employed in analysing the data to account for contextual differences, especially in a multicultural society like Nigeria. The findings of the study implicated several issues that are taken for granted at the micro-family and macro-society levels. Consequently, policy relevant recommendations that could contribute to significant maternal mortality reduction were made.

The objective of this study is to present the method proposed by Sullivan and to estimate the healthy life expectancy using different measures of state of health, based on information from the World Health Survey carried out in Brazil in 2003. By combining information on mortality and morbidity into a unique indicator, simple to calculate and easy to interpret, the Sullivan method is currently the one most commonly used for estimating healthy life expectancy. The results show higher number of healthy years lost if there is a long-term disease or disability that limits daily activities, regardless of the difficulty in performing such activities or the severity of the functional limitations. The two measures of healthy life expectancy adjusted by the severity of functional limitation show results very similar to estimates based on the perception of state of health, especially in advanced age. It was also observed, for all measures used, that the proportion of healthy years lost increases significantly with age and that, although females have higher life expectancy than males, they live proportionally less years in good health.

In recent years, climate change has almost becomes synonyms with development of environmental hazards adversely affecting the living being. Its adverse affects are particularly large on those segments of populations where the current burden of climate-sensitive disease is high. One such category is urban poor which is characterized by cramp living spaces, lack of sanitation and safe drinking water, poor and unhygienic environmental conditions, poor socio-economic status etc. As a consequence, their major health indicators like, morbidity (due to communicable as well non-communicable diseases) and child death rate are higher than other sections of population viz, rural and urban non-poor. It has also been observed that unlike the rural areas, programs to address socio-economic development and healthcare needs in urban poor localities have limited impact on health outcomes. Why? Is it because living environment is quite degraded (inputs are rendered ineffective) or the interventions are not penetrating or accessed by all people to realize any measurable outcome?
This paper examines this phenomenon by taking India as a case. It analyses the health outcomes for urban poor in contemporary Indian communities against the backdrop socio-economic and healthcare developments, over a period of one decade.

Mortality among adults should be addressed as a priority in Brazil because it has become relatively more important than mortality in other groups. Reliable mortality data are important in particular for monitoring homicide and road traffic accidents, which are the top causes of death among adult males in Brazil. However, deaths coded to ill-defined diseases and ill-defined injuries still represent a substantial proportion of all deaths. The aim of this proposal is to evaluate the mortality from ill-defined causes of death in 2000-2010 and the impact of the health services’ investigation into measures of adult mortality among men in 2010 in Brazil. The proportion of ill-defined causes of death among male adult deaths in Brazil was 10.5% in 2000 and in 2010 the proportion fell significantly to 6.6% after investigation and to 1.9% after correction. Ill-defined injuries fell from 9.0% in 2000 to 5.2% in 2010 after investigation and 0.6% after data correction. After adjustment, homicide and road traffic accidents were estimated to have caused 30% of all deaths in men. The findings indicate the importance of adjusting the data based on the improved strengthening of expertise in death investigation of ill-defined causes.

Rivaling drought-hit Ethiopia in its proportion of stunting, India holds 45% of children under 5 as victims of persistent malnutrition. The situation has barely improved over two decades and even worsened among urban poor, whose numbers are exploding and already count 95 billion as per 2011 census. Child malnutrition being a multicausal condition, the present study aims at unveiling a wide range of determinants at individual, mother, and household level. By focusing on children under 3, when effects of malnutrition are still reversible, a sample of 691 children was drawn from the latest Family Health Survey of India (NFHS-3, 2005-2006). Ordered logistic regression was run both on stunting and underweight levels. Child nutritional status appears to be highly dependent upon mother nutritional status and her capacity of breastfeeding. Findings also show that child malnutrition among urban poor emerges early (6-12 months) and keeps worsening with age, indicating insufficient medical supervision. The cruel lack of diversity in the child’s diet is not compensated by access to food assistance or vitamin supplementation, which seem to be mainly out of reach of urban poor. Moreover, poor water and sanitation play a significant role, revealing the necessity to fight the multiple causes of child malnutrition in an integrated manner.