Gender and population

This study is a descriptive, qualitative type of research that examines the factors affecting the “coming out” of ten (10) Muslim male homosexuals and five (5) Muslim female homosexuals in Davao City, Philippines, its effects, and their coping mechanisms to the negative effects of “coming out”. The data for this study were gathered through in-depth interviews of ten (15) key informants who are single, generally young, with the age range 16-34 years and with mean age of 19 years. The findings in this study reveal that the informants’ concept of “coming out” is equated with the term “paglipad” (to soar) —which denotes empowerment and freedom, a stage higher than “pagladlad”. Similar to but also different from the Cass Model, an alternative model of the “coming out” process is presented in this study, according to the experiences of the informants. This alternative model presents “paglipad” (to soar) as the highest stage in the process. Internal motivations, which boil down to the desire to be happy, significantly influenced the “coming out” of the informants, thereby supporting the idea that one’s self, and his/her own acceptance of his/her homosexuality is more important than others’ acceptance. Since homosexuality is forbidden in Islam, formal and informal forms of social control exist, with social exclusion functioning both as

Sexual violence is a global public health concern. However, population-based studies of its determinants and reproductive health consequences remain scarce in Nigeria. Sexual violence in marital dyads and its possible negative reproductive health outcomes is a form of rape that remains to be understood. This paper investigates the nature and prevalence of Intimate partner sexual violence against women. The data is drawn from a study on Intimate Partner Violence among Ijesa of South Western Nigeria. . The results showed that 42.7% of all respondents experienced sexual violence. The logistic regression results showed that religion, occupation, type of marital union, desire for another child, age at marriage, knowledge of husband’s extra-marital relationship, the husband’s education, occupation, spousal age difference, sleeping together with husband on same bed, couple sharing secrets significantly affects the chances of experiencing violence. Women who have experienced sexual violence significantly have more births, had higher prevalence of STIs than those who never experienced sexual violence. Endurance is the main coping strategy employed by women who have experienced sexual violence. In sum, sexual violence has negative reproductive health consequences on women. The results underscore the need to prevent its incidence.

Very little is known about the fatherhood experiences of young men in Indonesia. This paper uses the 2010 Greater Jakarta Young Adults Survey to describe the lives of young fathers in Jakarta, Bekasi and Tangerang. Those aged between 20-34 years old were randomly selected. The study demonstrates how education determines parenthood status among men and women, and compares and contrasts the labour market experience of young fathers and mothers. This provides the background for a review of young parents’ health and wellbeing, intergenerational economic transactions and their attitudes towards gender roles and children. Young adults in the Indonesian capital are delaying marriage and childbirth, but those who do become parents at an early age are likely to follow a male breadwinner model, with fathers holding less egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles than either their partners or males who are not fathers.

The study examines the relationship between women's role and socioeconomic and demographic changes that is taking place in Nepal during conflict and post conflict periods. It is done in the interest of describing the contours of current knowledge and frontiers of new research which suggests that rethinking existing theories and underlying assumptions is crucial. Although there has been much research on women's participation in socioeconomic development suggesting gender inclusion as critical to mainstreaming the development process, there is less work/research showing the links between roles played by women as compared to men at the HH and macro levels of development outcomes. Much of the research, used as evidence of the importance of women's role to socio-demographic and economic development, is based on weak design and measurement tools. We know little about the effects of women's work performed at HH level on macro level outcomes. This study shows the significant links between HH level work effort made by women and men on the macro outcomes. It has important implications for improving key indicators for sustainable human and socioeconomic development that enhance and advance gender equality.

The use of sex-selection technology is currently outlawed in Australia. The national ‘Ethical guidelines on the use of assisted reproductive technology in clinical practice and research’ (NHMRC 2004) state that ‘sex selection (by whatever means) must not be undertaken except to reduce the risk of transmission of a serious genetic condition’. Recent analysis of a large-scale representative survey found that 69 per cent of Australians disapprove or strongly disapprove of IVF for sex selection, and 80 per cent disapprove or strongly disapprove of sex-selective abortion (Kippen, Evans and Gray 2011).
These attitudes sit in tension with Australian preferences for sons and daughters shown in behaviour and attitudes. Australian parents are 25 per cent more likely to have a third child if their first two children are both boys or girls, as opposed to one of each, indicating that parents are ‘trying again’ to gain a child of the missing sex. Extra propensity is also seen in the progression to a fourth child if existing children are all of the same sex (Kippen, Evans and Gray 2007). These findings highlight the preference for at least one son and one daughter by Australian parents.
This paper uses data from a national attitude survey to investigates sex preferences in Australia for a hypothetical first born child and only child.

Food security is a topical issue discussed all over the world and it’s a phenomenon experienced especially in the less developed countries. Food security is at the forefront especially with the advent of climate variability and change which is affecting food production and distribution. Women especially their rural counterparts are the majority producers of food and cannot continue to do so, if they do not have access to land which is a strategic resource for agriculture. Culturally most women cannot be owners of land, but are mostly considered the owners of the crops. With limited access to land the food cultivated cannot meet the increasing demand especially from the urban areas causing food insecurity. The qualitative approach was used in collecting data through content analysis of books written from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century on Cameroon land property law, how land can be and is acquired by both male and female especially culturally and importance of land to women who are main producers of agricultural food crops and the phenomenon of food security. Results show that women farmers are facing increasingly insecure access to land and with the scarcity of land men have withdraw land rights that women previously held. Alternatively most rural women farmers are developing many different avenues to access land.

My abstract field inclide Populationn and Development; Gender and population.

This paper attempts to study the influence of son preference of women on contraceptive use and the risk of having a subsequent birth(s) in Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and India. A modified Arnold (1985) Index was applied to District Level Health Survey (DLHS, 2007-08) data to estimate the extent of son preferences. It was estimated that if son preference was completely eliminated, contraceptive acceptance would increase by approximately 10 percent and sterilization by 18 percent in the India. Increase of contraceptive use in the absence of son preference in high fertility states like Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh by more than 16 percent point will help to reduce the overall population growth. In all EAG states women who don’t have any son, intend to have another child. However, if women are having at least one son then the future intention to have another child reduces drastically.

Cilacap Selatan Sub-District is an area which has the highest number of divorce cases among other in Cilacap. Divorce is an indicator of inharmonious relationship in a household scope. The indicator can be viewed from the role of husband and wife on decision making process in household matters. The research taken from two villages in Cilacap Selatan Sub-District, Cilacap and Tegalreja, with different physical and socio economy characteristics. The research aimed to recite the role of husband and wife on decision making process and to understand the strength of correlation among dependent factors of marriage couple on decision making process in household matters. The method used in the research was surveying research method.The representative respondent chosen were marriage couples in Cilacap Selatan as work as fisherman and non-fisherman in Tegalreja. The result of the research showed most of decision making process in Cilacap Selatan was dominated by wife, whereas in Tegalreja the decision making process was done without dominancy. Educational background factor in marriage couple had positive correlation on decision making process. Couple properties, marriage age and household income had no correlation on decision making process in household.

Keyword : husband, wife, decision making process in household

India is second larget home not only to the world’s population but also to diabetic patients. Such ‘overlapping health & demographic transition’, with non-communicable diseases as leading cause of mortality and morbidity in a country burdened with communicable diseases has altered the socioeconomic gradient in the prevalence of diabetes significantly with greater concentration of risk factors among the poor. Therefore public health policies need to diverge from a typical ‘lifestyle’ related explications of diabetes and must examine the coping with diabetes in a broader ‘social determinants’ perspective. Coping strategies are often based on cognitive, emotional and action-oriented efforts linked to diabetes involving lifestyle modifications and harm reduction. Unlike other chronic diseases, that have medium valence, lower controllability via medical intervention, Diabetes have high changeability and low ambiguity thus enough room for problem-oriented forms of coping. However, many studies have highlighted that contextual factors such as sociocultural environment have crucial bearing and explains differentials in coping among men and women. Thus this paper engages with the social determinants in health framework to analyze the influence of social and material deprivation (or abundance) that is associated with coping of diabetes.