The relevance of population for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of program implementation for disable persons which is attached in the MDGs program in Indonesia. The MDGs program with its implementation for specific target achievement should be included for all population groups. Furthermore, this paper will also observe whether exist or not the progress of MDGs achievement would be followed by the increment of disability development. This disability development is identified by the available access on some compulsory public services and aids for disable persons. The method of research will apply a historical design based on primary and secondary macro data set. The main data set is derived from the Indonesian Population Census 2010. To strengthen analysis result will be enriched by literature study and other sources which are related to this topic research. The analysis method will be used a descriptive analysis and a simple statistical test in order to test the significance program implementation. Finally, the research result is expected to support policy maker and decision maker for refining the inclusion disability program into MDGs program simultaneously in the achievement development program.

Key words: MDGs, disability, inclusion program and development

The paper analyses the macro-dynamic interaction between demographic trends and capital accumulation in Brazil, for the period 1995-2012, to detect its short term impacts on Macroeconomic performance and its long-run effects on social and economic development. The effects of this interaction are crucial because they affect business decisions and investment, then the pace of growth and generation of employment and income. However, the financialization of the Brazilian economy imposes structural and endogenous limits to the opportunities generated by the demographic transition. However, the analysis found empirical evidences that do not support the conventional argument, derived from neoclassical economics, that Brazil would have insufficiency of domestic savings. The main problem concerns the dominance of unproductive allocation of corporate and household savings, stimulated by a financialization process based on high interest income. As a result, the rates of productive investment are very low and thus, the rates of aggregate savings also remain very low. On the other hand, in this macroeconomic environment, characterized by high interest rates and predominance of rentier income accumulation, the life cycle theory of consumption is unable to explain the main stylized facts of the development experience of Brazil.

The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) on maternal health is the most conspicuous failure amongst the MDGs. The lack of an equity focus inherent to the goals has been highlighted previously, with previous studies showing that the population average measurement hides large differences in mortality and morbidity between rich and poor. Skilled birth attendance (SBA) is an important indictor used to monitor maternal health and suffers from great inequality. This paper studies inequality in SBA by socioeconomic status and place of residence for 30 countries over time and highlights countries that have managed to increase SBA more equitably than others. A framework is proposed showing that inequality is a universal stage through which systems pass as maternal health care for a population is improved. There is an ‘inequality transition’, with different groups obtaining skilled attendance at different times. Inequity is an undesirable but unavoidable side effect of progress. The paper outlines how this transition can be used for monitoring and researching equitable progress towards MDG5 and indicates policies that can be enacted at each stage of the framework to reduce inequalities.

This work, intend to analyze the provisions of social politics in Brazil from 1930 to current days, and the change of this during the period, with base in the ideas of Marshall and of the State-Market-Family relation. With theoretical structure consolidated theoretician, it’s to see a division in four main periods: 1930 to 1964, period from the emergence of some social politics; 1964 the 1985, was marked for dictatorship and lack of commitment with those that were most needed; 1985 the 1994, a period of return to democracy and great appeal for the social politics; 1994 until the current days, a period of consolidation for some of the social-political demands from the previous period. Trough that, this study intends to make a reflection of the social politics in Brazil, and demonstrate that although to the social politics may look like they lack effective, they evolved in significant way.

The paper outlines regional population growth and its linkages with changes in agricultural landscape, particularly of commercial crops and its impact on food security in Meghalaya. Traditionally the tribal people in the Northeast including those in Meghalaya practiced shifting cultivation in the hill slopes and settled cultivation in the river valleys. With relatively low density of population and long Jhum (shifting cultivation) cycles, these communities could manage their livelihood. The situation changed drastically over the years due largely to phenomenal increase in population in the wake of substantive improvement in health infrastructure and declining mortality. This has made the traditional agricultural practices unviable and unsustainable. Search for alternative livelihood became inevitable. Traditional practice of Jhum is no more adequate to support a large number of people due to progressive decline in the Jhum cycle that had debilitating effects on land quality. Land degradation, soil erosion, declining fertility and harvests have a cumulative effect on the lives and livelihoods of the people. The change however has been felt by people as one of the coping strategies. The study underscores the interconnectedness of population dynamics, changes in agricultural landscape, local food systems and food security.

Arabian region comprises of 22 countries located between Iraq in the Middle East Asia and Mauritania in the West Africa. This population – region – is divisible into two – Asia and Africa, each division carrying equal share of the geographical area and population. Yet, the population is heterogeneous and unbalanced with lifestyles and demographics. Asian Arabs are again divisible into more fortunate Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries and less fortunate West Asian countries. African Arabs are divisible into more progressed Maghreb countries and less progressed East African countries.
With an analysis of international data base (US Census Bureau), this paper looks into (i) growth of Arabian population over the last three decades, (ii) explore size, composition and density and (iii) analyze components of population change (iv) impact of population components in vital statistics and (v) examine progress of achievements towards Millennium Development Goals (MDG).
There are differences among Arab countries on population pressure, resource burden and equilibrium. They share a common language but differ in terms of religion, food habits and demographic practices. Thus, efforts are needed to improve poorly performing Arabian population.
 

Sarthebari of Barpeta District of Assam is a unique place for Bell-Metal Industry, which was introduced here centuries ago and continuing till date, although its infrastructure pattern, techniques of manufacturing and types of products have under gone extensive changes. There are 280 Bell-Metal units functioning at Sarthebari area which provide employment to 5000 workers directly or indirectly. Today, half of the artisans are not fully employed. The bell metal units are not utilized more than 39.7 percent of their normal production capacity due to inadequate supply of scrap bell metal. The industry tries to meet the demands and utilization of its products and in turn it provides means of livelihood to a large number of workers employed directly or indirectly in it. This household industry, where workers are mainly paid members of the family. At present this industry is facing a keen competition with the products coming in from other parts of the country and abroad. The paper aims at the current status of the industry and its sustainability.

The timely data availability is important for successful public policy development. Increasingly, public and private institutions are aware that data accessibility enables them to identify priority target groups and surveillance activities, as well as allowing researchers to identify risk groups. All democratic processes need access to data and information. In this regard, this paper aims to explore data accessibility on the web sites of the National Statistical Offices (NSOs) in Latin America countries. Based on international quality framework for statistical activities, this paper points out the strengths and weaknesses of accessibility as one of the formal dimensions of data quality. The idea is to examine the accessibility of micro data, metadata, territorial level, periodicity, and the information systems that provide insight into the evolution and recent behavior of population. Twenty NSOs were summated into the research. We highlight the data of demographic research and the improvement of data measurement. The paper starts with a brief description of the international conceptual frame of data quality and ends with the paper’s forward and a note about weaknesses in data access.

KEYWORDS: data accessibility, data quality, micro data, census, National Statistic Office, Latin America.

Among the millennium development goals (MDG) is the one concerning the reduction of maternal mortality by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Probably the most outstanding failure in the attainment of MDG is the reduction of maternal mortality. Both international agencies as well as national governments recognize that it is very unlikely for most developing countries that this goal will be achieved. There has been a sort of stalling in the reduction of maternal mortality, perhaps because the capacity and infrastructure of some countries does not increase in line with the requirements for such ambitious reductions.

This paper investigates whether the Matthew Effect occurs or not for maternal mortality decline, with the implication of widening the existing gap between developed and developing countries.

The Matthew Effect is a phenomenon in which inequalities increase. It was initially labeled by Merton (1968) making reference to a biblical phrase: “Unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance; but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath” (Matthew 25:29).
To evaluate this hypothesis we take the experience of around 180 countries from all over the world, applying one statistical test to verify empirically.

The United Nations Declaration of 2000 adopted eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) designed to forge a new global partnership. Among the MDGs are: to reduce extreme poverty, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality and empower women, and access to clean drinking water. The declaration set out a series of time-bound targets to track progress. The members of the United Nations have pledged to meet the set goals by 2015. However, to date, little empirical studies exist identifying the linkages among MDGs. This study examines the poverty-education-gender-access to clean water nexus using cross-sectional household-level data from Tanzania. In examining the nexus, this study presents a range of descriptive statistics as well as regression analysis.