Population and development

Kherwadi Social welfare Association’s Yuva Parivartan (YP) programme with its Vision, Mission, motivates school dropouts in the age group of 16-25 years, less educated and deprived youth towards socially productive occupations and opportunities in urban and rural settings. It creates livelihood opportunities and gives second chance to youth through wage or self employment. Since 2003, YP has provided livelihood training on different courses like Basic Computer, DTP, Tally, Tailoring, Beautician, Mobile repairing, Motor Mechanic, Wire-man, Fashion designing, Nursing, Retailing etc. in 44 districts of India and trained over 100,000 students during the financial year of 2011-2012. The tracking on beneficiaries has not been done to assess the impact of the intervention. The impact of intervention needs to be assessed and learning from interventions should be utilized for further expansion and widespread impact. Qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to collect information for this study. Study will use semi-structured questionnaires, face to face interview with individuals and family, FGDs and Case studies. Multistage sampling will be done to select respondents. Sample of 10 to 15 percent of the individuals from each course will be drawn. Data will be analyzed through SPSS with statistical testes and comparative form.

Recent economic view is investigated human as a source and aim of wealth for the survival and welfare because development is about man. Human development is helped through the education, health, nutrition, and growth of human potential to improve the quality of personal and social life.
Thus, it can be expected that population has an important role in new human vision of development. Therefore: the relationship of Human Development Index with population growth is interesting.
Iran is examined as a case study by data from 1960 to 2011 to find causality between population growth and growth of Human Development Index (HDI). It is used Toda and Yamamoto (TY) methodology to estimate causality. Before causality, Adjust Dickey - Fuller test for stationary of variables will be done. These estimations are calculated trough EXCEL and MICROFIT software.
The results show that HDI is Granger causality of population, but vice versa is not correct thus there is one-sided relation from HDI to population

Understanding wellbeing at the household level is important as this helps inform the design of poverty alleviation and development programs for developing countries. There exist both objective and subjective ways of doing this. Whereas objective measures of poverty/wellbeing have commonly been used, the subjective approach to understanding wellbeing is becoming a common phenomenon in poverty studies, with more of these being conducted in order to get the participatory appraisal of wellbeing. These subjective measures of wellbeing are becoming increasingly common because of the realization that objective (economic) measures alone are not sufficient to understand poverty and wellbeing, especially in the developing context as they have been found to be wanting. Understanding development using non-monetary factors, particularly the dynamics of socio-economic development, is also an important approach for the developing context since it accords development experts a chance to design appropriate strategies focused on the developing world context. Using both and subjective measures of wellbeing, this study investigates Makueni residents’ perceptions of development in relation to both approaches of wellbeing. This research which is on-going uses factor analysis (objective measure) and polychoric principal component analysis (subjective)

Among the millennium development goals (MDG) is the one concerning the reduction of maternal mortality by three quarters between 1990 and 2015. Probably the most outstanding failure in the attainment of MDG is the reduction of maternal mortality. Both international agencies as well as national governments recognize that it is very unlikely for most developing countries that this goal will be achieved. There has been a sort of stalling in the reduction of maternal mortality, perhaps because the capacity and infrastructure of some countries does not increase in line with the requirements for such ambitious reductions.

This paper investigates whether the Matthew Effect occurs or not for maternal mortality decline, with the implication of widening the existing gap between developed and developing countries.

The Matthew Effect is a phenomenon in which inequalities increase. It was initially labeled by Merton (1968) making reference to a biblical phrase: “Unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance; but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath” (Matthew 25:29).
To evaluate this hypothesis we take the experience of around 180 countries from all over the world, applying one statistical test to verify empirically.

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) contain a “wealth” of information on the health and demographic conditions of national populations in less developed countries. With the development of the DHS Wealth Index, a new avenue of analysis has been opened up to investigate economic status inequalities beyond those of educational attainment, residence and ethnic group membership. There has been a substantial limitation to this analysis in that the DHS Wealth Index is relative to the situation in each country at the time of the survey. Each index has a mean value of zero and a standard deviation value of one. Thus specific scores and quintile values represent different levels of economic status between surveys and cannot be directly compared.
This paper describes a newly developed methodology for calculating wealth indexes comparable across country and time that allow for direct comparison of levels of economic status. The paper then proceeds to present inequality measures including Lorenz curves, Gini coefficients, and Concentration Indexes for wealth and for a set of demographic and health indicators. Finally, the paper determines the contribution of relative and absolute measures of poverty to progress in these indicators.

In the wake of the past two years of popular uprisings and revolutions in the Arab region, three theoretical explanations with a major demographic component have gained prominence. These three “new” theories posit 1) a youth bulge, 2) demographic disparities, and 3) the role of digital media, respectively as likely causes of revolution and of the success of Islamist parties in elections. Using Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares Regression to analyze sub-national data from Tunisia, preliminary results indicate that these three phenomena are not statistically significant predictors of the occurrence of protest, the timing/duration of protest, or the district vote percentage for the main Islamist party “Ennahdha.” Further analysis with both time and spatial dimensions will clarify other demographic factors that seem to be linked to protest, violence and vote outcomes, including government marginalization and women’s demographic factors.

The purpose of this paper is to study the current employment pattern of internal migrants and the determinants of migrants’ sectoral employments in urban India, using the recent NSS (2007-08) data. It is found that about 43 per cent of the total urban workers are migrants with 32.2 percent within self-employed, 48.8 per cent within regular-employees and 41.3 per within casual-employed in India. The empirical findings from probit and multinomial logit models suggest that the existing wage rate, possessions of human capital, job market experience and household’s living standard are the major determinants of labour force participation of both seasonal and non-seasonal migrants in urban India. On the basis of above findings, it is suggested that the government of India ought to take strong rural development policy measure to create production networks within rural areas in order to restrict rural out-migration and the consequent urban casual employments, rather than depending too much on the existing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), which fails to help all sections of rural people.

Uttar Pradesh state with a population of about 200 millions is the India’s most populous state and accounts for 16% of the country’s population and about 9% of geographical area. The state is divided into four distinct regions and 71 districts.
The study examine the variation in the utilization of RCH services viz. antenatal care, safe deliveries, child immunization, and reproductive & child health status in the districts of Uttar Pradesh. The district level analysis is carried out for all districts as recorded in DLSH-3 (2007-08). Different composite indices are computed to study the pattern of socio-economic development, availability of health facilities, utilization of RCH services and reproductive and child health status in the districts of Uttar Pradesh state. All districts are ranked according to the values of these indices and GIS maps are also prepared.
The study reveals that utilization of health services and social development depicts strong negative relation with reproductive morbidities. Overall, reproductive and child health are highly and positively associated with utilization of RCH services, and quality of services. It clearly demonstrates that districts having higher utilization of RCH services, better quality of services also have relatively better reproductive and child health.

Between 1990 and 2000 almost all African countries transitioned from single-party political system to multiparty systems, a political system characterized by competitive elections. This institutional transformation produced a remarkable shift in governance in the continent especially in collective bargaining and open up space for contestation of public goods. As such, the transition has been lauded for its success in improving access to the political sphere and for inciting an increase in political liberty. However, whether these transitions translated into improvements in social well-being is unclear, especially whether these transition lead to equitable distribution of public goods to lead to verifiable improvements in social indicators, such as health indicators, is an open question. This paper fills that gap by tracing the manner by which the transition translated (or not) to transformations in the primary health sector, by investigating, infant mortality rates, as a proxy of population health, before and after the transition in all African countries for which aggregate data on health, social, and economic indicators is available covering the years between 1980 and 2010.

Climatic events can have disastrous consequences on rural livelihoods where economic activities mainly rely on agriculture and natural resources. The impacts of the natural disasters however are not distributed evenly. They vary considerably with demographic and socio-economic characteristics of a given area. Based on the Thai government surveys of living conditions and life quality for the years 2009 and 2011 of 68,695 villages, this paper aims to assess the impacts of natural disasters on community welfare and investigate the role of education as a buffer to livelihood and climate shocks. This study use five items as an indicator of welfare, namely, food expenditure, non-food expenditure, productive expenditure on agriculture, expenditure on education and income. Although we find that rural communities are able to smooth consumption such that droughts and floods do not produce a negative effect on food and non-food expenditure nor spending on agriculture and education, there is significant variation in consumption smoothing by community’s educational attainment level. Communities with higher proportion of members with at least secondary education enjoy the increase in income and consequently consumption. This finding shed light on positive externalities of education in overcoming hardship during weather shocks.