Poster session on Population and human rights

This work, intend to analyze the provisions of social politics in Brazil from 1930 to current days, and the change of this during the period, with base in the ideas of Marshall and of the State-Market-Family relation. With theoretical structure consolidated theoretician, it’s to see a division in four main periods: 1930 to 1964, period from the emergence of some social politics; 1964 the 1985, was marked for dictatorship and lack of commitment with those that were most needed; 1985 the 1994, a period of return to democracy and great appeal for the social politics; 1994 until the current days, a period of consolidation for some of the social-political demands from the previous period. Trough that, this study intends to make a reflection of the social politics in Brazil, and demonstrate that although to the social politics may look like they lack effective, they evolved in significant way.

From a Latin American perspective, we discuss the importance and necessity of the human rights based approach in all interventions with migrant populations, due to the risks of violation and helplessness faced in many countries, and the fact that these issues have been moving in numerous agendas of cooperation and international features whose duties require them to states that have ratified them. They are tasked to take charge of the protection and the fight against discrimination, and should establish regulations and policies on this basis. In many countries regulations and interventions take time to collect the precepts of international law or simply not advanced in legislation. There are rigidities, favoring the discretion of the authority and regression in the protection of rights. References are made to Latin America and Chile, and the overall context of the human rights situation of migrants. We provide evidence for interventions with migrant populations note that the practices of violation of rights must deal adopting premises and approaches demanding the fulfillment of commitments to the States.

Female genital is a problem across East Africa with devastating effects on the victims.
According to UNICEF global databases (2011), over 70 million girls and women aged 15–49 years in Africa and in Yemen have undergone FGM/C. Approximately 60 per cent of them live in sub-Saharan Africa, while 40 per cent live in the Middle East and North Africa. More than 90 per cent of women aged 15–49 years have been cut in Djibouti, Egypt, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Somalia. Prevalence of FGM/C among women aged 15–49 years varies widely, from 98 per cent in Somalia to 1 per cent in Cameroon, Uganda and Zambia (http://www.childinfo.org/fgmc_progress.html).
Despite these positive measures, women continued to be the victims and survivors of unrelenting harmful laws, practices and crime. Violence and discrimination affected females across the age spectrum, including young girls.

This study aims to show how the policy and social development programs, instituted in the last decade in the country, were important for reducing poverty and income inequality and produce combined effects of other contextual factors, such as economic recovery and the enhancement of the Minimum Wage. There is an underlying assumption to this work: the decrease of the poverty and the improvement of social indicators in the 2000s, especially in areas historically most vulnerable could be the result of the combined effects of social structuring and universalist policies in education, health, social security and social development.
The focus of this study are the social policies of the last decade. However, it is important to highlight that, since its focus on poverty and social inequality reduction, was made a segmented cut according to the axes of the current policy of Social Development and guided in the structure of the system of Social Protection and Promotion, with an emphasis on Social Assistance, Food Security and Productive Inclusion.

While reviews of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have demonstrated substantial progress on an overall level, many groups within countries are being left behind. This paper calculates unmet need for medical and public health services by equity groups within countries through use of Demographic and Health Survey data and then estimates the sizes of the efforts needed to remove the inequalities through the Index of Equality Betterment. The analysis covers equity groups defined by ethnicity, gender, age, residence, education and economic status.

Over the past few decades Egypt has undertaken several attempts to limit and control female genital mutilation (FGM). However, these interventions have failed to curb the practice as it maintains wide popular support and is firmly embedded in local traditions and structures. This paper examines the evolution of anti-FGM attitudes among ever-married women in Egypt between 1995 and 2008, using five waves the Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys. The results show that the percentage in favor of the discontinuation of FGM rose from 13.9% in 1995 to 29.0% in 2008. The central question here is whether this trend is due the entry of younger cohorts who are more modern and more opposed to the practice, or to the spread of anti-FGM sentiment throughout multiple segments of society. In 1995 opposition to FGM was concentrated in two groups: non-circumcised women, and the more wealthy, urban highly educated women. The observed changes in attitudes towards FGM cannot be attributed to the entry of new cohorts and the expansion of the groups most likely to oppose FGM, but of a spread of anti-FGM sentiment to all walks of life, with poorly educated rural women the least likely to oppose FGM.

The objective of this study to investigate the role of various sectors in the local level to performance vulnerable and marginalized groups including to study an appropriate strengthening policy and mechanism to protection and advocacy for the vulnerable and marginalized groups to prepare for these changing patterns in ASEAN Communities. Methodologies employed in this study are documentary research study and Qualitative study. Data was collected from the population involved in the welfare protection of the rights related to working of the vulnerable and marginalized groups, such as Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Private Sectors, Non-Government Sectors, Community leaders including vulnerable and marginalized groups. Number of samples in total is 500 persons.
The result also point out that Local Government would like to integrate capacity of government agencies, institutions and civil society to carry out social budgeting exercises aimed at improving financial sustainability of social services in support of policy goals of broadening coverage and raising benefit levels (health insurance, pensions, access to quality education, health care and other social services) includes on the principles of the sufficiency economy.

The trafficked victims not only face the danger of being psychologically abused, but also the reality of becoming procurers for various health problems after a few years of victimization. This paper attempts to understand problems of survived victims while reintegrating into the society and the contextual reasons for possible re-trafficking into sex trade. The primary data collected through both qualitative and quantitative methods from 167 trafficked victims in Andhra Pradesh used for the study. Social discrimination in the community at their original places after returning from the sex trade is commonly reported. The discrimination experienced while reintegrating in their original places is almost pushing the victims to return to sex trade. The tendency of running away, thinking about committing suicide further makes victims more vulnerable to be counter trafficked. Half of the victims were ever thought of going back again to the sex work after returning from the same

The Unique Identification (UID) programme was launched at a time when India was struggling to manage its vastly-distributed public welfare schemes. It will be the first scheme which will provide each and every citizen a proof of identity regardless of his or her socio-economic profile and the only scheme to provide the same proof of identity without any pre-requisite documents of identity or address. Most importantly, the programme is unique in its quasi-mandate and inclusion of biometrics.

The paper explores the important concerns about inclusion of bio-metrics in service delivery and the vision of the implementing authority of the Unique Identification system being implemented in India with a human rights prespective. It also aims to find out people’s perception of inclusion of biometrics and their motivations behind enrolment for the UID.

A mix method approach was adopted. It included in-depth interviews with key informants and quantitative KAP surveys with people who came for enrollment.

The findings of the study reveal the government's vision of UID in public service delivery and main challenges that it faces. The paper also finds out the public perception of and expectation from UID and rationale behind people's justification of biometrics.

Many studies conducted in western developed countries have elucidated that racial discrimination is a significant factor for racial minorities’ health outcomes. However, no research addressed the relationship between perceived discrimination of racial minority groups and health despite the growing influx of migrants in South Korea. Drastic transition toward multicultural society in requires researchers to explore the relationship in Korean context. This study aims to consider the relationship between immigrant workers’ perceived discrimination and depression. The data were collected from a self-administered survey with the questionnaire that consists of 46 questions asking perceived discrimination, depression, health behaviors, and socio-economic status. We found that perceived discrimination experience is significantly related to worsen mental health conducting multiple logistic regression analysis.