Population dynamics and climate change

In public statements and in academic research, the concept of “climate change” is being used to explain a wide range of social and economic problems, which are deemed to result from shifts in weather patterns. Climate change is also often linked to insecurity, forced migration, and conflict.

The causal chain for these claims involves resource constraints, which are placed at the base of a chain of events leading to rising insecurity. However, in many studies which claim to investigate the negative consequences of climate change, little evidence is presented about changes in weather patterns which are under way. Likewise, the role of other elements which limit resources available per capita is frequently ignored, even though population increase—leading to intensification of land use, as well as erosion and overgrazing—would have similar effects.

This paper looks at the discourse and approach to investigating the links between climate change and demographic factors, on the one hand, and the impact they have on security, on the other. It addresses the science, perceptions and myths surrounding the current debate on the security implications of global climate change, and compares this to views about the consequences of population growth in the past fifty years.

Malawi and Kenya exhibit the challenges posed by climate change and population dynamics. Both countries experience high rates of population growth and rapidly rising urbanization, with large numbers of urban dwellers living in slums. , Their agricultural-based economies are undermined by erratic climatic conditions and water scarcity problems, leading to food insecurity. These challenges are exacerbated by climate change.

Given the strong links between population dynamics and climate change, addressing both issues using integrated responses would offer combined benefits. Key informant interviews conducted with stakeholders in both countries reveal a high level of awareness of the links, as well as the need for their integration. However, the issues are weakly linked at policy level, and programs to address them are implemented separately.

This paper examines the challenges of integrating population into climate change and development planning, and identifies opportunities to enhance integration in the context of both countries.

Current models of environment-population interactions are static, large scale, and fail to capture the relative importance of environmental events for human populations. To address these limitations, I analyze migration trends for selected US counties experiencing extreme environmental events and economic shocks. Using a unique data set that covers the 60-year period between 1950 and 2010, I focus on the overall magnitude and the age and race dimensions of migration "signatures" that characterize migration trends.

Despite the fact that marriage is not a straight factor that shapes population growth, but in reality marriage has a important consequence on fertility. In relation to the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2007, the cases of early marriage in Indonesia have achieved the 50 million mark, with the median age at first age of 19.1 years. From this figure, we can conclude that the number of early marriages in Indonesia is still noticeably high.
The main rationale of this study is to consider the connection of chosen socio demographic uniqueness specifically current age of respondents, level of education, type of place of residence and religion of the youth and adolescents on desired and discoursed ages at marriage and ideal number of children, derived from a new analysis of data from the Indonesia Youth and Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey 2007.
Bivariate and multivariate regression examination have been completed to analyse the associations mentioned above.
Chi Square (X2) tests of association have been applied in order to investigate the strength of the relationship between any two variables (Pallant 2007, p. 212). For the multivariate analysis, logistic regression is used to examine the associations of the several independent variables with a preferred dependent variable representing whether a demographic

The paper has as objective to contribute to demonstrate the importance of population's studies and environment, to achieve that in all strategy and projection of the development politicians in the Caribbean have to be applied the holistic conception of the environment, the importance of the environmental knowledge and of the population like object of the development. It is fundamental to carry out the public politicians to face to the challenges of the environmental and sociodemographic vulnerabilities and the climatic change.
This investigation project, action and combined training of Population's Net and Environment of Population's Latin American Association and the Caribbean Studies Center University of Havana. The research of the perspective of the relationship population and environment was doing with like an holistic optics of the relationship university-society-nature for the local development. Were using system of methods of studies of compared cases of interrelating the vulnerabilities sociodemographic and environmental using systems of geographical information in the Caribbean as forms of adaptation to the impacts of the global climatic change. The results contribute to the formulation of recommendations of cooperation between actors and institutions involved in population and environment

This paper reviews the availability and accessibility of healthcare institutions in a geographically challenged and climatic shock prone region of the Indian Sundarbans. Given the apparent lack of preparedness of public health facilities particularly in the face of climate shocks such as the cyclonic storm and flood of Aila in 2009, the paper proposes an alternative healthcare delivery model in sync with the WHO recommendation in 1978 on Primary Health Care. The model reiterates the need for proper utilization of existing local health resource and advocates for channelizing these through an innovative service delivery model, custom made for the unique difficulties of the region and to enhance people’s resilience towards ever-increasing multifaceted
vulnerability.

Patterns of mortality and morbidity can be affected by climate changes: floods, droughts, heat waves and wildfires affect the incidence of waterborne diseases; exposure to high concentrations of gaseous pollutants is associated with respiratory diseases; frosts, storms, droughts and floods threaten food production which can increase the rates of malnutrition. Effect of climate change can be more accentuated among individuals living in poor socioeconomic conditions. Poverty increases vulnerability of individuals to extreme temperatures and precipitation. The aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of climate change on population health in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The analysis is performed by regions of the state, which is very heterogeneous regarding its socioeconomic and epidemiological characteristics. The disparities are observed at both regional and individual levels. Preliminary findings show a significant effect of climate change on dengue and hospitalization rates for infectious and respiratory diseases. Increases in temperature between 2010 and 2040 will contribute to increase the prevalence of diseases. The increases in the morbidity rates will be higher for dengue and in the following regions: northwest, north and Minas Gerais triangle. North and northwest of Minas Gerais are among the poorest regions of the state.

With the onset of climate change and its adverse effects, the focus on disaster risk reduction and management is increasing. Climate related extremes are on the rise and coupled with these are their escalating impacts on human populations. The measurement of vulnerability of populations exposed to climate-amplified risk is increasingly becoming a priority in disaster risk reduction and management initiatives. This research develops a social vulnerability index which is applied on raw, disaggregated census data for the whole Philippines for the years 2000 and 2010. The effort is to determine trajectories of vulnerability between the two census years and investigate the factors that affect the decrease and increase in vulnerability. An analysis of the geographical distribution of changes in vulnerability status will provide an opportunity to assess the factors that contribute to these changes. Assessing changes in social vulnerability at the village level can help identify what particular factors affect the variability of social vulnerability over time. An understanding of these factors that positively and negatively influence vulnerability can contribute significantly to local development efforts and initiatives by targeting specific elements that address the root causes of vulnerability.

The coastal zone of Bangladesh hosts over 35 million people where 3 million are extremely vulnerable and exposed to adverse effect of climate change. They lose working days for substantial increase of cyclone, flood, frequent signal number 3 or above in the Bay. The objective of this research was to reduce fisher boat capsize and house collapse by identifying existing adaptation and develop adaptation strategies on boat, house, and homestead design. The research was conducted in three coastal locations of Noakhali district from 2010 to 2012. Focus group discussions, participatory rural appraisal, interviewing local elderly people were conducted and professionals were engaged to design implementation strategies. Result shows that coastal people experience increased temperature, cyclone, rain, water logging, siltation, salinity, erosion, and flood. The existing adaptation includes using radio and mobile phone while fishing, using strong boat and making house on high land. Proposed strategies for fishing boat are using more than 30 feet length, putting at least 3 longitudinal bar along upper side, using enough vertical side bars and avoiding plank joints on boat front. The homestead measures include reduction in house height, use of cross bracing of wall frame, roof tying with extra-post by nylon ropes.

The Fourth Assessment Report published in 2007 by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has emerged as a landmark in the discussion of climate change, by emphasizing the importance of understanding the past as key to predicting the future. The scenarios of global average temperature rise cause the melting of glaciers and thus the sea level elevation, indicated on the report, and shows important consequences for population and environmental dynamics of coastal zones around the world. This paper presents a discussion about the possible risks and effects of global environmental change on the components of population dynamics, such as the spatial redistribution of the population and it seeks to analyze how do population dynamics and its characteristics influences the response capacity and the vulnerability of groups exposed to environmental hazards, also in terms of adaptation. In this case, the age composition of the population and family structure is an important aspect to be considered as significant assets of social groups, and also the spatial population redistribution due to the migration process. The example of Brazilian coastal zone will be used to shows the complexity of the effects of global environmental change on coastal zones.